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GI AM > GI investigations > Flashcards

GI investigations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principles of GI investigation?

A

Thorough history and exam
Differentiate functional and structural disorders
Start with simple and noninvasive if possible
Justify all investigations requested

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2
Q

What bedside investigations can be done?

A 
BMI
Pulse ox
ECG
Capillary glucose
Urinalysis
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3
Q

What are the types of stool analysis?

A

FOB
Stool culture
Faecal calprotectin
Faecal elastase

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4
Q

When is faecal calprotectin used for?

A

Raised in inflammatory conditions

Useful for monitoring disease activity

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5
Q

What is faecal elastase used for?

A

Pancreatic insufficiency

Malabsorption

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6
Q

What blood investigations can be done for GI conditions?

A 
U+E
Ca and Mg
LFT
CRP
Thyroid function
FBC
Coagulation
Haematinics
Hepatic screen
Coeliac serology
Tumour markers
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7
Q

What do we check Ca and Mg for?

A

Malabsorption

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8
Q

What does CRP help us differentiate between?

A

Rise in Crohn’s

No rise in ulcerative colitis

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9
Q

What does FBC help us check for?

A

Anaemia
White cell count- rise in IBD
Platelet count- IBD, neoplasia

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10
Q

What do haematinics check for?

A

B12
Folate
Ferritin

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11
Q

What do we check in a hepatic screen?

A 
Hep B and Cserology
Autoantibodies
Immunoglobulins
Ferritin
Alpha 1 antitypsin
copper
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12
Q

What tumour marker is checked for and what is the main use?

A

CEA

Monitoring response to therapy in some colorectal cancers

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13
Q

What physiology investigations can be done?

A

Urea breath test- H pylori
Hydrogen breath test- bacterial overgrowth
Lactose intolerance
Oesophageal pH and manometry

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14
Q

What endoscopic investigations can be done?

A 
Upper GI endoscopy
Colonoscopy
ECRP
Endoscopic ultrasound
Enteroscopy
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15
Q

What does a UGIE examine?

A

Oesophagus to duodenum

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16
Q

What does a UGIE allow for?

A

Examination
Biopsy
Theraputic intervention- oesophageal/pyloric stenting

17
Q

What are the risks of UGIE?

A

Aspiration
Perforation
Haemorrhage

18
Q

What does a colonoscopy require?

A

Bowel prep- give laxative

19
Q

What does a colonoscopy allow for?

A

Examine rectum to caecum

Biopsy, polypectomy, EMR

20
Q

What are the risks of colonoscopy?

A

Perforation
Haemorrhage
Renal impairment- from laxative prep

21
Q

What does ECRP allow us to do?

A

Visialise ampulla, biliary system and pancreatic ducts

Biopsy, cytology, stone removal, stenting, dilatation

22
Q

What are the risks of ECRP?

A 
Pancreatitis
Haemorrhage
Perforation
Infection
Mortality
23
Q

What is endoscopic ultrasound used for?

A

Diagnosis and staging of tumour

Biopsy, cat drainage

24
Q

What does enteroscopy allow us to do?

A

Visualise small intestine

Biopsy or therapy

25
Q

What is capsule enteroscopy?

A

“pill” camera swallowed

Less invasive but doesn’t allow for biopsy

GI AM (34 decks)

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