Surface anatomy of the heart Flashcards
Mediastinum
Central part of the thoracic cavity and contains the heart
Thoracic wall superior aperture
The thoracic entrance: In root of the neck
(borders)
• Anterior: Superior border of manubrium + Sternal notch
• Lateral: First ribs with rib cartilages
• Posterior: T1 - body protrudes anteriorly to the opening
• Suprapleural membrane
(Sibson’s fascia)
Thoracic wall inferior aperture
Thoracic exit
• Anterior: Xiphisternal joint
• Lateral: Fused costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 + Ribs 11-12
• Posterior: T12 - body protrudes ant. into opening
• Diaphragm
Heart and the great vessels are approx. in _______ and are surrounded _________ by the lungs and ant. by _____________
the middle of the thorax
laterally and post.
the sternum and central part of the thoracic cage
Borders of the heart are variable and depend on
the position of the diaphragm and the build and physical condition of the person
The outline of the heart can be traced on the ant. surface of the thorax
Borders of heart
The superior border:
inf. border of the second left costal cartilage to the sup border of the
right 3rd costal cartilage.
Right:
Right 3rd rib cartilage – Right 6th rib cartilage
Inferior:
Right 6th rib cartilage - Left 5th intercostal space, close to left
midclavicular line
Left:
Left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - Left 2nd rib
cartilage
Sup border contains
auricles,largevessels:SVC,ascendingaorta,pulmonaryarteries
Right border contains
• Right atrium
inf. border contains
• Right ventricle, apex
left border contains
Left ventricle
Valves are located
posterior to the body of sternum:
Valves of the heart
PAMT
• Pulmonary valve
• Aortic valve
• Mitral valve
• Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve:
- at the junction of the sup and middle 1/3rd of the body of the
sternum - near left 3rd costal cartilages
Aortic valve:
- Just below and to the right of the pulmonary valve on the left side
of the middle 3rd of the sternum - level with the left 3rd intercostal space
Mitral valve:
- Overlaps the tricuspid area
- More sup. and to the left of the sternal body
- at the left 4th costal cartilage
• Tricuspid valve:
- in the median plane of the inferior 3rd of the sternal body, opposite
the 4th and 5th intercostal spaces
Osculation sites of the heart valves are different to their surface markings.
Why?
The transmission of heart sound is dependent on factors such as:
- The proximity of the respected chambers to the thoracic cage
- and the direction of the blood flow
Where do you listen for the valves?
Aortic valve:
At the right, second intercostal space - close to the sternum
Pulmonary valve:
At the left, second intercostal space - close to the sternum
Mitral valve:
At the apex of the heart
- At the left, 5th intercostal space - in the midclavicular line
Tricuspid valve:
- inf. to left sternal margin
- in the left, 4th intercostal space
