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Anatomy 244 - CVS > Arterial supply of the head and neck > Flashcards

Arterial supply of the head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

Anastomosis

A

Connection between blood vessels that allows collateral circulation

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2
Q

3 types of anatomosis

A
  1. Between 2 arteries
  2. Between 2 veins
  3. Between an artery and a vein
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3
Q

Terminal/ end artery

A

Artery with insufficient anastomoses to maintain viability of tissues supplied if occlusion of the artery occurs

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4
Q

(true/anatomic) terminal/ end artery

A

Does not anastomose
E.g. to retina

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5
Q

(Functional) terminal/ end artery

A

Ineffectual anastomoses
E.g. in brain

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6
Q

Arteriovenous anastomosis

A

type of anastomosis btw A and V
- Blood is shunted from arterioles to venules without passing through a capillary

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7
Q

Where do you find arteriovenous anastomosis

A
  • superficial arteriovenous anastomosis opens when the body reaches a high temperature and enables the body to cool itself
    (for thermoregulatory purposes)
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8
Q

Types of blood vessels

A
  1. Arteries
  2. veins
  3. Capillaries
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9
Q

Arteries carry blood

A

away from the heart

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10
Q

Most arteries carry ______ blood
- Except the _________

A

oxygenated
- pulmonary artery

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11
Q

Arteries carry oxygenated blood from ______ to ______

A

heart
tissues

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12
Q

At the tissues, the oxygen and nutrient exchange is carried out by the _________

A

capillaries

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13
Q

The capillaries return the ______ blood to the veins which bring it ________
- except the _______

A

deoxygenated
back to the heart
- pulmonary veins

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14
Q

The aorta pushes _______ blood into the ______

A

oxygenated
arteries

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15
Q

4 main artery types in the body

A
  1. Large elastic arteries
  2. medium muscular arteries
  3. Arterioles and then into the
  4. capillaries
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16
Q

The capillaries consist of

A

one layer of endothelium and a concordant basement membrane

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17
Q

Capillaries are specially adapted to provide

A

short diffusion distances for nutrients and gaseous exchange with the tissue they supply

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18
Q

Capillaries are specially adapted to provide

A

short diffusion distances for nutrients and gaseous exchange with the tissue they supply

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19
Q

Arteries -> capillaries -> veins

A
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20
Q

The venous system takes ________ from capillaries and deliver it to the ______
(except _________)
In the heart, blood can be pumped _________

A

deoxygenated blood
heart
pulmonary vein
in the lungs to be reoxygenated

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

Arteries carry blood _____ from the heart
= ____________

A

away
distributors of blood to arterioles

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23
Q

Arteries server as pressure reservoirs.
What does this mean?

A

Elastic fibres act as secondary pumps after heart

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24
Q

What helps to stabilize blood pressure?

A

Pressure receptors in the walls of arteries

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25
Q

All arteries except ______ carry oxygenated blood in an adult

A

pulmonary arteries

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26
Q

arterioles are

A

Small arteries that carry blood to capillaries (distributors)

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27
Q

How do arterioles maintain normal blood pressure and circulation

A

they serve as resistant vessels

28
Q

Form pre-capillary sphincters near where capillary originates

A

Smooth muscle in walls of arterioles

29
Q

What is the function of the pre-capillary sphincters?

A

reduce blood flow through a network of capillaries by constricting arterioles

may also increase flow by relaxing pre-capillary sphincters

30
Q
A
31
Q

____ pairs of arteries supply the head and the neck

A

4

32
Q
A
33
Q

4 pairs of arteries supply the head and the neck

A
  1. Common carotid artery
  2. 3 branches from the subclavian artery
    2.1 Vertebral artery
    2.2 Thyrocervical trunk
    2.3 Costocervical trunk
34
Q

Most parts of the head and neck receive their blood from the

A

right and left common carotid artery

35
Q

Common carotid artery ascends in the

A

anterior of the neck, just lateral to the trachea

36
Q

Common carotid artery is divided into two triangles by a muscle:

A

Sternocleidomastoid

37
Q

common carotid artery located in the

A

anterior triangle, just deep to the sternocleidomastoid and relatively thin infra-hyoid muscle

38
Q

At the superior border of the larynx (level of adams apple)
each common carotid ends by

A

dividing into an external and internal carotid artery

39
Q

The right and the left external carotid artery supplies most of

A

the tissue of the head, external to the brain orbit

40
Q

As each external carotid ascends, it sends a branch to

A

the thyroid and larynx
- Sup. thyroid artery

To the tongue
- Lingual artery

to the skin and muscle of the anterior face
- anterior facial artery

To the posterior part of the scalp
- occipital artery

And to the region around the ear
- posterior oracular artery

41
Q

Near the tempo-mandibular joint, each external carotid artery ends by splitting into the

A

superficial temporal and maxillary arteries

42
Q

Internal carotid artery supplies the

A

orbit and most of the cerebrum

43
Q

Right subclavian artery originates from the

A

brachiocephalic trunk, following the branch of the right common carotid

44
Q

Left subclavian artery arises from the

A

third vessel branching from the aortic arch

45
Q

the branches from the subclavian arteries supply the

A

brain
= vertebral artery

Also supply neck and thoracic wall
- Thyrocervical trunk
- Costocervical trunk
- internal thoracic artery

46
Q
A
47
Q

the main arteriole vessels in the carotid triangle

A

the common carotid artery and one of its terminal branches (internal carotid)

48
Q

branches of the external carotid also originate in the

A

carotid triangle

49
Q

Each common carotid artery ascends in the __________ with the ______________ to the level of the superior border of the ______ (at C4)

A

carotid sheath
internal jugular vein and vagus nerve
thyroid cartilage

50
Q

C4: This is where each common carotid artery terminates by

A

dividing into the internal and external carotid artery

51
Q

the internal carotid artery has _________ in the neck

A

no branches

52
Q

the internal carotid artery supplies

A

most of the structures of the brain and orbit

53
Q

External carotid artery has several branches in the

A

neck

54
Q

the carotid sinus is a

A

dilated area at the base of the internal carotid artery

55
Q

the carotid sinus location

it is the site of
- Baroreceptors
- carotid body/ chemoreceptor
- Vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

A

just superior to the bifurcation of the internal and external carotid artery at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage

56
Q

the carotid sinus is the site of

A
  • Baroreceptors
  • carotid body/ chemoreceptor
  • Vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves
57
Q

Blood supply to the brain is derived from internal carotid and vertebral artery
These are terminal branches that line the arachnoid space

Internal carotid artery arises in the neck from the common carotid artery

the vertebral artery begins in the root of the neck, as the first branches of the first part of the subclavian artery

the vertebral arteries are usually unequal in size and the cervical part of the vertebral arteries ascend through the transverse foramena

A
57
Q

Blood supply to the brain is derived from

A

internal carotid and vertebral artery

58
Q

Internal carotid artery arises in the _____ from the _________

A

neck
common carotid artery

59
Q

the vertebral artery begins in the ____________, as the first branches of the first part of the _______________

A

root of the neck
subclavian artery

60
Q

the vertebral artery begins in the ____________, as the first branches of the first part of the _______________

A

root of the neck
subclavian artery

61
Q

the vertebral arteries are usually __________ and the cervical part of the vertebral arteries ascend through the _______________

A

unequal in size
transverse foramena in the first six cervical vertebrae

62
Q

external carotid artery supplies

A

most structures external to the cranium

63
Q

each external carotid artery runs

A

posterior-superiorly to the region between the neck of the mandible and the lobe of the oracle
Where it is embedded in the parotid gland

64
Q

each external carotid artery terminates by dividing into 2 branches:

A
  1. the maxillary
  2. And the superficial temporal artery
65
Q
A

Anatomy 244 - CVS (22 decks)

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