**suppsinpractice Flashcards
which supps contain animal protein
glucosamine chondroitin fish oil gelatin caps glandular digestive enzymes
are herbs food or medicine status is uk
medicine under EU
what allergens must be labelled
cereals containing gluten crustaceans eggs fish peanuts soybeans milk nuts celery mustard
whole food sups regulated as what
food not supp
what must fish & omega 3 oils be to minimise oxidation
cold pressed
why should whey protein be filtered
to remove lactose
hormones
why are chewable tablets usually not good
coated with palm oil and hydrogenated
acacia gum
ok
gives form
anthicyanidins
ok
purple colour
antioxidant
ascorbic acid
preservative
antioxidant
ascorbic palmitate
antioxidant
C + palmitic acid
ok
carboxymethylcellulose
plant thickener
ok
ethyl cellulose
ok
binder
maltodextrin
ok
binder
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
HPMC
ok
makes/coats veg capsules
lithothamnion calconea
filler
seaweed
ok
microcrystalline cellulose
ok
bulking agent
silicon dioxide
ok
absorbs moisture
vegetable stearic acid
ok
anti-caking agent
glycerol monostearate
caution
coating
glycerol triacetate
caution
coating
oyster shell
binder
caution - veggie/allergy
sorbitol
sweetener
caution GIT
tapioca
binder
caution
from cassava - goitregenic
Vegetable magnesium stearate
caution
flow agent
anthem gum
caution
emulsifier
Zein protein coating
caution
corn derivative - GMO?
guar gum
bad
forbidden on SCD
carrageenan gum
bad
thickener
GIT upset
cellulose acetate phalate
enteric coating
bad
carcinogen
diethyl phthalate
enteric coating
bad
sodium benzoate
anti fungal/bacterial
bad
B17
cyanide
when to take fat & water soluble vits
with food
when to take B vits
all am
B6 at nighht
when to take a/as
with carbs/empty stomach
when to take minerals
with food
need sufficient HCL for absorption
can minerals be synthesised by body or plants
no we must all ingest them
the pH of what has a big influence on mineral absorption
intestine
mineral absorption better with low/high pH
low - more soluble and in ionic form
describe inorganic salts
simple mineral compounds
important for electrolyte balance
low absorption
ex inorganic salts
phosphates sulfates chlorides carbonates nitrates oxides
describe organic acid salts
based on organic acids
well absorbed
body can also use carrier molecule
natural form
ex organic acid salts
ascorbates acetates citrates glycinates fumerates picolinates
describe amino acid chelates
minerals bound to amino acids by a claw
mineral forced to go where a/a goes - many more absorption sites as AAs better absorbed
bypasses competitive absorption interaction with other minerals
why are minerals bound to citrates better absorbed
req less HCL
picolinates - piccolinic acid, a metabolite of
tryptophan
how/when is calcium best absorbed
at night
+ OJ if cheap
calcium bisglycinate
most bioavailable form
calcium citrate
easily assimilated
popular choice
calcium carbonate
cheapest
chalk
needs lots HCL
gas, nausea, constipation
calcium ascorbate
buffered form C
gentle on GIT
calcium pantothenate
supp for B5
calcium oxalate
never use
kidney stones
calcium hydroxyapetit
bone meal/oyster derivative
don’t use
lead
calcium + antacids ^ absorption of
aluminium
calcium citrate malate
new patented type
in fortified foods/supps
meant to be best?
what is Ca usually given with to ^ serum levels/absorption
D3
what 3 things ^ absorption Ca
protein
d
lactose
what decreases Ca absorption
phytates oxalates fibre EFAs Mg/Zn caffeine phosphorous
Mg absorption needs
Se
parathyroid hormone
B6
D
what decreases Mg absorption
potatoes fibre alcohol ^ sat fat Ca Ph
Mg needed for metabolism of
Ca K Ph Zn Cu Fe N L:had Intracellular homeostasis thiamin activation
when is Mg contraindicated
renal failure
heart block
potassium chloride
inorganic
but ^ HCL
2 sx hyperkalaemia
tachycardia
cardiac arrest - lethal injection
what to check before Supp with Fe to avoid hemochromatosis
serum ferritin & transferrin
ferrous citrate
well absorbed
ferrous fumerate
well absorbed but may inhibit E absorption
ferrous sulphate
inorganic
could cause nausea, constipation,
lowers E absorption
can take higher doses
ferrous bisglycinate
chelated
high bioavailability
fewer side effects
ferrous citrate
well absorbed
good for sensitive GIT
what increases absorption of Fe
acids & sugars
what decreases iron absorption
physic acid tannins oxalic acid Ca Zn Mn rapid transit time H Pylori Achloridya PPIs/antacids
adverse reactions to Fe supp
nausea diarrhoea constipation heart burn upper gastric pain
zinc sulphate
inorganic
can cause stomach upset
what lowers zinc absorption
phytates Ca fe Cu cadmium
high zinc could cause
low Cu
nausea
vomiting
diarrhoea
buffered forms Vit C
also absorb carrier molecule
gentle on GIT
Ca ascorbate
Mg ascorbate
N ascorbate
K ascorbate
ascorbic acid
cheap C
acidic
harsh
retinal palmitate
stable supp form Vit A
DL alpha tocopherol
synthetic E petrochemicals
D alpha tocopherol
most commonly used E
L-selenomethionine
Se bonded with methionine
best absorption
occurs naturally
bioactive form B6
pyridoxal 5 phosphate
niacin v niacinamide
niacin - cholesterol/triglycerides/raynauds
niacinamide - diabetes/blood glucose control
D3 cholecalciferol v D2 ergocalciferol
cholecalciferol - active form
ergocalciferol - veg form