**Life Stage/population Flashcards
3 benefits breastfeeding to mums
delays return of regular ovulation
conserves iron stores
protects against breast/ovarian cancer
min cal/day woman must cons,e for lactation
1800cal
exercise effect on breast milk
build up of lactic acid in milk can change taste
impact of poor nutrition on breast milk
milk quality maintained at expense of maternal stores
what happens to mothers bone density post-lactation
returns to normal
3 nutrients vegan/vegetarian mums should supplement
B12
Ca
D
baby showing food allergy sx?
Which foods should mum avoid
tree nuts
pea nuts
fish
cows milk
effect of alcohol on lactation
changes taste
causes infant drowsiness - surpasses feeding
inhibits oxytocin, interferes with lactation
affect of smoking on lactation
reduces milk volume
nicotine alters smell/taste
infants gain less weight
increased risk sudden infant death syndrome
affect caffeine on lactation
infant irritable/wakeful
^ doses interfere with bioavailability of Fe
difference between protein content of breast milk and cows milk/formula
breastmilk lower protein
effects of increased protein on an infant
liver/kidney damage high blood urea high blood ammonia diarrhoea acidosis dehydration
recommendations re breastfeeding
exclusively for 6 months
with added food for 12
carb in breastmilk
lactose
protein in breastmilk
lactalbumin
2 vits lacking/variable in breast milk
D none
K variable
K injection prevents
haemorrhage disease of newborn
infants lack colin bacteria to synthesise own
benefits of breastfeeding to baby
mothers immunity passed on
maternal antibodies inactivate pathogenic bacteria in babies GIT
provides bifidus factors which feed good bacteria
lower allergic reactions
etc
why are soy based formulas not good
vvv high
phytoestrogens/isoflavones
what deficiency could excess cows milk cause
iron deficiency milk anaemia
why infants no honey/corn syrup
botulism
vegan baby deficiencies
B12 Ca Fe D DHA Calories
most common nutrient deficiency in children
iron deficiency anaemia
sx Fe-def anaemia
paleness slow growth rate apathy depression loss appetite impaired learning irritability etc
why is lead poisoning more common in children
more easily absorbed in periods rapid growth
why lead poisoning more common in malnourished
easily absorbed on empty stomach
insufficiencies of what increase lead absorption
Fe
Ca
C
D
Lead poisoning most linked with which nutrient
Fe
lead poisoning causes anaemia that has same sx as what
Fe def anaemia
nasopharyngeal carcinoma linked with what as child
high nitrates/nitrosamines
breast/ovarian cancer linked with what in childhood
obesity
what is sarcopenia
age-related loss of muscle mass, strength & function
effect of sarcopenia on elderly
decreased mobility
decreased metabolic rate
higher fall risk
what delays sarcopenia
weight bearing ex
a reduction of which 3 hormones in elderly lead to reduced lean body mass
insulin
growth hormone
androgens
increase of which hormone contributes to appetite loss in elderly
CCK (more satiated)
Achlorhydria = deficiency of what
B12 (HCL & IF req)
sx of B12 def mimic what
AD
5 sx B12 def
fatigue dementia confusion tingling weakness
Link with homocysteine & dementia
B 6, 9 12
Which nutrients should elderly supplement with
B12 - low HCL D - less efficient E - slows ageing/cataracts Folate - homocysteine Ca - absorption decreased Potassium - balances BP Zinc
5 sx zinc deficiency
low immune function low sense of taste anorexia delayed would healing pressure ulcer development
