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Nutrition Semester 2 > **Life Stage/population > Flashcards

**Life Stage/population Flashcards

1
Q

3 benefits breastfeeding to mums

A

delays return of regular ovulation
conserves iron stores
protects against breast/ovarian cancer

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2
Q

min cal/day woman must cons,e for lactation

A

1800cal

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3
Q

exercise effect on breast milk

A

build up of lactic acid in milk can change taste

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4
Q

impact of poor nutrition on breast milk

A

milk quality maintained at expense of maternal stores

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5
Q

what happens to mothers bone density post-lactation

A

returns to normal

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6
Q

3 nutrients vegan/vegetarian mums should supplement

A

B12
Ca
D

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7
Q

baby showing food allergy sx?

Which foods should mum avoid

A

tree nuts
pea nuts
fish
cows milk

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8
Q

effect of alcohol on lactation

A

changes taste
causes infant drowsiness - surpasses feeding
inhibits oxytocin, interferes with lactation

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9
Q

affect of smoking on lactation

A

reduces milk volume
nicotine alters smell/taste
infants gain less weight
increased risk sudden infant death syndrome

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10
Q

affect caffeine on lactation

A

infant irritable/wakeful

^ doses interfere with bioavailability of Fe

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11
Q

difference between protein content of breast milk and cows milk/formula

A

breastmilk lower protein

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12
Q

effects of increased protein on an infant

A 
liver/kidney damage
high blood urea
high blood ammonia
diarrhoea
acidosis
dehydration
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13
Q

recommendations re breastfeeding

A

exclusively for 6 months

with added food for 12

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14
Q

carb in breastmilk

A

lactose

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15
Q

protein in breastmilk

A

lactalbumin

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16
Q

2 vits lacking/variable in breast milk

A

D none

K variable

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17
Q

K injection prevents

A

haemorrhage disease of newborn

infants lack colin bacteria to synthesise own

18
Q

benefits of breastfeeding to baby

A

mothers immunity passed on
maternal antibodies inactivate pathogenic bacteria in babies GIT
provides bifidus factors which feed good bacteria
lower allergic reactions
etc

19
Q

why are soy based formulas not good

A

vvv high

phytoestrogens/isoflavones

20
Q

what deficiency could excess cows milk cause

A

iron deficiency milk anaemia

21
Q

why infants no honey/corn syrup

A

botulism

22
Q

vegan baby deficiencies

A 
B12
Ca
Fe
D
DHA
Calories
23
Q

most common nutrient deficiency in children

A

iron deficiency anaemia

24
Q

sx Fe-def anaemia

A 
paleness
slow growth rate
apathy
depression
loss appetite
impaired learning
irritability
etc
25
Q

why is lead poisoning more common in children

A

more easily absorbed in periods rapid growth

26
Q

why lead poisoning more common in malnourished

A

easily absorbed on empty stomach

27
Q

insufficiencies of what increase lead absorption

A

Fe
Ca
C
D

28
Q

Lead poisoning most linked with which nutrient

A

Fe

29
Q

lead poisoning causes anaemia that has same sx as what

A

Fe def anaemia

30
Q

nasopharyngeal carcinoma linked with what as child

A

high nitrates/nitrosamines

31
Q

breast/ovarian cancer linked with what in childhood

A

obesity

32
Q

what is sarcopenia

A

age-related loss of muscle mass, strength & function

33
Q

effect of sarcopenia on elderly

A

decreased mobility
decreased metabolic rate
higher fall risk

34
Q

what delays sarcopenia

A

weight bearing ex

35
Q

a reduction of which 3 hormones in elderly lead to reduced lean body mass

A

insulin
growth hormone
androgens

36
Q

increase of which hormone contributes to appetite loss in elderly

A

CCK (more satiated)

37
Q

Achlorhydria = deficiency of what

A

B12 (HCL & IF req)

38
Q

sx of B12 def mimic what

A

AD

39
Q

5 sx B12 def

A 
fatigue
dementia
confusion
tingling
weakness
40
Q

Link with homocysteine & dementia

A

B 6, 9 12

41
Q

Which nutrients should elderly supplement with

A 
B12 - low HCL
D - less efficient
E - slows ageing/cataracts
Folate - homocysteine
Ca - absorption decreased
Potassium - balances BP
Zinc
42
Q

5 sx zinc deficiency

A 
low immune function
low sense of taste
anorexia
delayed would healing
pressure ulcer development

Nutrition Semester 2 (18 decks)

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