**Life Stage/population

Question 1

3 benefits breastfeeding to mums

Answer 1

delays return of regular ovulation
conserves iron stores
protects against breast/ovarian cancer

Question 2

min cal/day woman must cons,e for lactation

Answer 2

1800cal

Question 3

exercise effect on breast milk

Answer 3

build up of lactic acid in milk can change taste

Question 4

impact of poor nutrition on breast milk

Answer 4

milk quality maintained at expense of maternal stores

Question 5

what happens to mothers bone density post-lactation

Answer 5

returns to normal

Question 6

3 nutrients vegan/vegetarian mums should supplement

Answer 6

B12
Ca
D

Question 7

baby showing food allergy sx?

Which foods should mum avoid

Answer 7

tree nuts
pea nuts
fish
cows milk

Question 8

effect of alcohol on lactation

Answer 8

changes taste
causes infant drowsiness - surpasses feeding
inhibits oxytocin, interferes with lactation

Question 9

affect of smoking on lactation

Answer 9

reduces milk volume
nicotine alters smell/taste
infants gain less weight
increased risk sudden infant death syndrome

Question 10

affect caffeine on lactation

Answer 10

infant irritable/wakeful

^ doses interfere with bioavailability of Fe

Question 11

difference between protein content of breast milk and cows milk/formula

Answer 11

breastmilk lower protein

Question 12

effects of increased protein on an infant

Answer 12

liver/kidney damage
high blood urea
high blood ammonia
diarrhoea
acidosis
dehydration

Question 13

recommendations re breastfeeding

Answer 13

exclusively for 6 months

with added food for 12

Question 14

carb in breastmilk

Answer 14

lactose

Question 15

protein in breastmilk

Answer 15

lactalbumin

Question 16

2 vits lacking/variable in breast milk

Answer 16

D none

K variable

Question 17

K injection prevents

Answer 17

haemorrhage disease of newborn

infants lack colin bacteria to synthesise own

Question 18

benefits of breastfeeding to baby

Answer 18

mothers immunity passed on
maternal antibodies inactivate pathogenic bacteria in babies GIT
provides bifidus factors which feed good bacteria
lower allergic reactions
etc

Question 19

why are soy based formulas not good

Answer 19

vvv high

phytoestrogens/isoflavones

Question 20

what deficiency could excess cows milk cause

Answer 20

iron deficiency milk anaemia

Question 21

why infants no honey/corn syrup

Answer 21

botulism

Question 22

vegan baby deficiencies

Answer 22

B12
Ca
Fe
D
DHA
Calories

Question 23

most common nutrient deficiency in children

Answer 23

iron deficiency anaemia

Question 24

sx Fe-def anaemia

Answer 24

paleness
slow growth rate
apathy
depression
loss appetite
impaired learning
irritability
etc

Question 25

why is lead poisoning more common in children

Answer 25

more easily absorbed in periods rapid growth

Question 26

why lead poisoning more common in malnourished

Answer 26

easily absorbed on empty stomach

Question 27

insufficiencies of what increase lead absorption

Answer 27

Fe Ca C D

Question 28

Lead poisoning most linked with which nutrient

Answer 28

Fe

Question 29

lead poisoning causes anaemia that has same sx as what

Answer 29

Fe def anaemia

Question 30

nasopharyngeal carcinoma linked with what as child

Answer 30

high nitrates/nitrosamines

Question 31

breast/ovarian cancer linked with what in childhood

Answer 31

obesity

Question 32

what is sarcopenia

Answer 32

age-related loss of muscle mass, strength & function

Question 33

effect of sarcopenia on elderly

Answer 33

decreased mobility decreased metabolic rate higher fall risk

Question 34

what delays sarcopenia

Answer 34

weight bearing ex

Question 35

a reduction of which 3 hormones in elderly lead to reduced lean body mass

Answer 35

insulin growth hormone androgens

Question 36

increase of which hormone contributes to appetite loss in elderly

Answer 36

CCK (more satiated)

Question 37

Achlorhydria = deficiency of what

Answer 37

B12 (HCL & IF req)

Question 38

sx of B12 def mimic what

Answer 38

AD

Question 39

5 sx B12 def

Answer 39

``` fatigue dementia confusion tingling weakness ```

Question 40

Link with homocysteine & dementia

Answer 40

B 6, 9 12

Question 41

Which nutrients should elderly supplement with

Answer 41

``` B12 - low HCL D - less efficient E - slows ageing/cataracts Folate - homocysteine Ca - absorption decreased Potassium - balances BP Zinc ```

Question 42

5 sx zinc deficiency

Answer 42

``` low immune function low sense of taste anorexia delayed would healing pressure ulcer development ```