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Uni Biology > Support, Movement And The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Support, Movement And The Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

A tendon attaches what to what?

A

Bone to muscle

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2
Q

A ligament attaches what to what

A

Bone to bone

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3
Q

What tissue are tendons and ligaments made of

A

Connective tissue

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4
Q

Which large cell is responsible for the breakdown or absorption of new bone

A

Osteoclasts

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5
Q

What are bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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6
Q

What is red bone marrow responsible for

A

The formation of red and white blood cells and platelets

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7
Q

What are the 4 primary functions in to the skeletal system

A

Involved in the production of blood cells
Provide protection to internal organs
Can store and release minerals
Provides support to the body and attachment for the muscles

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8
Q

The hip is an example of which type of joint

A

Ball and socket joint

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9
Q

The knee is an example of which type of joint

A

Hinge joint

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10
Q

the wrist is an example of what type of joint

A

Gliding joint

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11
Q

The type of muscle used for voluntary movements of the body and limbs is what

A

Skeletal

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12
Q

What are the functions of the skin

A

Temperature regulation
Protection (eg against bacteria and chemicals)
Sensory reception

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13
Q

How are scabs formed over the wounds

A

Through the process of blood clotting

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14
Q

The femur is an example of which type of bone

A

Long bone

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15
Q

Where is the simple squamous epithelium cell located

A

Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

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16
Q

What is the function of the simple squamous epithelium

A

Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, and secretes lubricating substances

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17
Q

Where is the simple cuboidal epithelium located

A

In ducts and secretory portions of small glands and kidney tubules

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18
Q

What is the function is the simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Secretes and absorbs

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19
Q

Where is the simple columnar epithelium located

A

Ciliates tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus

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20
Q

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorbs and secretes mucous and enzymes

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21
Q

Where is the pseudo stratified columnar epithelium located

A

Ciliated tissues line the trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract

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22
Q

What is the function of the pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

A

Secretes mucus

Ciliated tissue moves mucus

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23
Q

Where is the stratified squamous epithelium located

A

Lines the oesophagus, mouth and vagina

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24
Q

What is the function of the stratified squamous epithelium

A

Protects against abrasion

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25
Q

Where is the stratified cuboidal epithelium located

A

Sweat glands, salivary glands and the mammary glands

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26
Q

What is the function of the stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Protective tissue

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27
Q

Where is the stratified columnar epithelium located

A

The male urethra and the ducts of some glands

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28
Q

What is the function of the stratified columnar epithelium

A

Secretes and protects

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29
Q

Where is the transitional epithelium located

A

Line the bladders urethra and the uterus

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30
Q

What is the function of the transitional epithelium

A

Allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch

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31
Q

What are the tissue types

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

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32
Q

What does the muscle tissue do

A

Movement
Vascular tissue with lots of blood supply
Cardiac, smooth, skeletal muscle

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33
Q

What does the nervous tissue do

A

Communication and sensory integration

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34
Q

What are tissues made up of

A

Similar cells that form a function

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35
Q

What do tissues group together to form

A

Organs

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36
Q

What dictates the tissues function

A

The type of cells tissues are made up of

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37
Q

What do neurones do

A

Transmit and move information around the body

38
Q

What are dendrites

A

The listening part of the cell

39
Q

What do axons do and what are they supported by

A

Transmit out of the cell

Supported by glial cells

40
Q

What are glial cells

A

Holds it all together (glue)

Supports and provides nutrients

41
Q

What are the functions of the epithelial tissue

A 
Protection (dehydration, mechanical damage, chemical damage) 
Secretion and excretion 
Absorption 
Filtration 
Sensory reception
42
Q

What are the features of the epithelial tissue

A

Simple - single layered cell
Stratified- numerous layers of cells
Glandular - forms the glands of the body

43
Q

What the the epithelial tissue attached to

A

A basement membrane

44
Q

What is the most abundant tissue in the body

A

Connective tissue

45
Q

What is the function of the connecting tissue

A

Lining and protecting layers

46
Q

What are the 2 types for f connective tissue proper

A

Loose connective tissue (under skin)

Dense connective tissue (cartridge)

47
Q

Functions of the connective tissue

A

Structural support
Protection
Transport
Insulation

48
Q

What are loose connective tissue

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

49
Q

What does areolar contain (loose ct)

A

Collagen, elastic and reticular

50
Q

What is the functions of areolar (loose ct)

A

Support, elasticity and strength

Combines with adipose tissue to form subcutaneous layer

51
Q

What does adipose contain

A

Adipocytes

52
Q

What is the function of adipose

A

Insulation, protection and energy

Stores triglycerides

53
Q

What is the function of the reticular (loose ct)

A

Protective framework around liver, spleen and lymph nodes

Filter blood in spleen

54
Q

What are dense connective tissue

A

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

55
Q

What are regular dense connective tissue

A

Collagen fibres in parallel

Ligaments and tendons

56
Q

What are irregular dense connective tissue

A

Collagen fibres randomly arranged

Skin, heart, surrounding cartilage and bone

57
Q

What are elastic dense connective tissue

A

Stretch

Found in lung and tissue and arteries

58
Q

What happens when blood vessels dilate

A

Blood goes to the surface of the skin, the closer it is to the surface of the skin the more head regulated out

59
Q

What does meissners corpuscle do

A

Sending movement in the skin

60
Q

What happens if you cut yourself

A

Message from pressure will get sent up to the brain and then activate white blood cells
A further release of macrophages and fibroblast

61
Q

How do platelets know there is a breach in the wall

A

Through chemical signals

They will go to that site and accumulate abs lump together

62
Q

What does fibrin do

A

Forms a matrix, it will plug the hole and gives your body chance to repair it

63
Q

What acts as a barrier protecting the body

A

Skin

64
Q

Functions of muscular and skeletal system

A 
Framework
Support 
Movement 
Shape
Maintain position/posture
Attachment of muscles
65
Q

How many bones in an adult skeleton

A

206

66
Q

What is bone made up of

A

Bone cells in a matrix of collagen and minerals

67
Q

What are the types of bone cells

A 
Osteocytes 
Osteoblasts (form structure)
Osteoclasts (break it down)
68
Q

What are the types of bone

A

Flat bones
Short bones
Irregular bones
Long bones

69
Q

What are bones made up of

A 
Compact bone tissue
Spongy bone (location of red marrow)
Marrow cavity (location of yellow marrow)
70
Q

What allows bone growth of Long bone during childhood

A

Epiphyseal plates

New cartridge is always formed
Older cartridge becomes ossified
Cartridge is broken down
Bone replaces cartridge

71
Q

Differences in children (bones)

A 
Bones are more porous 
More rapid healing
Children’s bone are more flexible
Simple fractures 
Physeal injury’s are more common
72
Q

What happens to bones with a deficiency of calcium

A

Bones can’t maintain density

73
Q

What is important for maintaining bone density

A

Diet and how your liver functions

Exercise encourages bones to be stronger

74
Q

What is the first stage of healing

A

Blood clotting

75
Q

What happens after blood clotting

A

Cartridge and bone starts to replace blood clot and starts to re-ossify

76
Q

What will reform the bone matrix

A

Osteoblast

77
Q

What are the different types of muscle tissue

A 
Cardiac muscle (involuntary) 
Smooth muscle (involuntary)
Skeletal muscle (voluntary)
78
Q

Where is the cardiac muscle located and what is it’s functions

A

In the wall of the heart
Stations
Intrinsic pacemaker - influenced by autonomic nerves, some hormones and metabolites
Branches join cells

79
Q

Why is it important for branches to join cells in cardiac muscle

A

For cardiac contraction

80
Q

What is muscle tissue responsible for

A

Movement and locomotion

81
Q

What is locomotion

A

The result of muscles pulling on bones

82
Q

What does muscle contraction create

A

Motion

83
Q

Why do muscles attach to the skeletal system

A

To produce locomotion

84
Q

What does the hinge joint do

A

Flexing and extending along one place

Pairs of muscles work opposite one another to create motion

85
Q

What does the ball and socket joint do

A

Allows a more rotational movement

Multiple pairs of muscles allow movement in a range of directions

86
Q

What does a gliding joint do

A

Bones slide past one another

Allow twisting motion

87
Q

What is flexion

A

Decrease angle of a joint

88
Q

What is extention

A

Increases angle or a joint

89
Q

What is abduction

A

Movement away from midline

90
Q

What is adduction

A

Movement towards midline

91
Q

What is rotation

A

Turning around an axis

Uni Biology (8 decks)

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