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Uni Biology > Support, Movement And The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Support, Movement And The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

A tendon attaches what to what?

A

Bone to muscle

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2
Q

A ligament attaches what to what

A

Bone to bone

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3
Q

What tissue are tendons and ligaments made of

A

Connective tissue

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4
Q

Which large cell is responsible for the breakdown or absorption of new bone

A

Osteoclasts

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5
Q

What are bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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6
Q

What is red bone marrow responsible for

A

The formation of red and white blood cells and platelets

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7
Q

What are the 4 primary functions in to the skeletal system

A

Involved in the production of blood cells
Provide protection to internal organs
Can store and release minerals
Provides support to the body and attachment for the muscles

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8
Q

The hip is an example of which type of joint

A

Ball and socket joint

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9
Q

The knee is an example of which type of joint

A

Hinge joint

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10
Q

the wrist is an example of what type of joint

A

Gliding joint

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11
Q

The type of muscle used for voluntary movements of the body and limbs is what

A

Skeletal

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12
Q

What are the functions of the skin

A

Temperature regulation
Protection (eg against bacteria and chemicals)
Sensory reception

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13
Q

How are scabs formed over the wounds

A

Through the process of blood clotting

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14
Q

The femur is an example of which type of bone

A

Long bone

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15
Q

Where is the simple squamous epithelium cell located

A

Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

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16
Q

What is the function of the simple squamous epithelium

A

Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, and secretes lubricating substances

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17
Q

Where is the simple cuboidal epithelium located

A

In ducts and secretory portions of small glands and kidney tubules

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18
Q

What is the function is the simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Secretes and absorbs

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19
Q

Where is the simple columnar epithelium located

A

Ciliates tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus

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20
Q

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorbs and secretes mucous and enzymes

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21
Q

Where is the pseudo stratified columnar epithelium located

A

Ciliated tissues line the trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract

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22
Q

What is the function of the pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

A

Secretes mucus

Ciliated tissue moves mucus

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23
Q

Where is the stratified squamous epithelium located

A

Lines the oesophagus, mouth and vagina

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24
Q

What is the function of the stratified squamous epithelium

A

Protects against abrasion

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25
Where is the stratified cuboidal epithelium located
Sweat glands, salivary glands and the mammary glands
26
What is the function of the stratified cuboidal epithelium
Protective tissue
27
Where is the stratified columnar epithelium located
The male urethra and the ducts of some glands
28
What is the function of the stratified columnar epithelium
Secretes and protects
29
Where is the transitional epithelium located
Line the bladders urethra and the uterus
30
What is the function of the transitional epithelium
Allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch
31
What are the tissue types
Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue
32
What does the muscle tissue do
Movement Vascular tissue with lots of blood supply Cardiac, smooth, skeletal muscle
33
What does the nervous tissue do
Communication and sensory integration
34
What are tissues made up of
Similar cells that form a function
35
What do tissues group together to form
Organs
36
What dictates the tissues function
The type of cells tissues are made up of
37
What do neurones do
Transmit and move information around the body
38
What are dendrites
The listening part of the cell
39
What do axons do and what are they supported by
Transmit out of the cell | Supported by glial cells
40
What are glial cells
Holds it all together (glue) | Supports and provides nutrients
41
What are the functions of the epithelial tissue
``` Protection (dehydration, mechanical damage, chemical damage) Secretion and excretion Absorption Filtration Sensory reception ```
42
What are the features of the epithelial tissue
Simple - single layered cell Stratified- numerous layers of cells Glandular - forms the glands of the body
43
What the the epithelial tissue attached to
A basement membrane
44
What is the most abundant tissue in the body
Connective tissue
45
What is the function of the connecting tissue
Lining and protecting layers
46
What are the 2 types for f connective tissue proper
Loose connective tissue (under skin) | Dense connective tissue (cartridge)
47
Functions of the connective tissue
Structural support Protection Transport Insulation
48
What are loose connective tissue
Areolar Adipose Reticular
49
What does areolar contain (loose ct)
Collagen, elastic and reticular
50
What is the functions of areolar (loose ct)
Support, elasticity and strength | Combines with adipose tissue to form subcutaneous layer
51
What does adipose contain
Adipocytes
52
What is the function of adipose
Insulation, protection and energy | Stores triglycerides
53
What is the function of the reticular (loose ct)
Protective framework around liver, spleen and lymph nodes | Filter blood in spleen
54
What are dense connective tissue
Regular Irregular Elastic
55
What are regular dense connective tissue
Collagen fibres in parallel | Ligaments and tendons
56
What are irregular dense connective tissue
Collagen fibres randomly arranged | Skin, heart, surrounding cartilage and bone
57
What are elastic dense connective tissue
Stretch | Found in lung and tissue and arteries
58
What happens when blood vessels dilate
Blood goes to the surface of the skin, the closer it is to the surface of the skin the more head regulated out
59
What does meissners corpuscle do
Sending movement in the skin
60
What happens if you cut yourself
Message from pressure will get sent up to the brain and then activate white blood cells A further release of macrophages and fibroblast
61
How do platelets know there is a breach in the wall
Through chemical signals They will go to that site and accumulate abs lump together
62
What does fibrin do
Forms a matrix, it will plug the hole and gives your body chance to repair it
63
What acts as a barrier protecting the body
Skin
64
Functions of muscular and skeletal system
``` Framework Support Movement Shape Maintain position/posture Attachment of muscles ```
65
How many bones in an adult skeleton
206
66
What is bone made up of
Bone cells in a matrix of collagen and minerals
67
What are the types of bone cells
``` Osteocytes Osteoblasts (form structure) Osteoclasts (break it down) ```
68
What are the types of bone
Flat bones Short bones Irregular bones Long bones
69
What are bones made up of
``` Compact bone tissue Spongy bone (location of red marrow) Marrow cavity (location of yellow marrow) ```
70
What allows bone growth of Long bone during childhood
Epiphyseal plates New cartridge is always formed Older cartridge becomes ossified Cartridge is broken down Bone replaces cartridge
71
Differences in children (bones)
``` Bones are more porous More rapid healing Children’s bone are more flexible Simple fractures Physeal injury’s are more common ```
72
What happens to bones with a deficiency of calcium
Bones can’t maintain density
73
What is important for maintaining bone density
Diet and how your liver functions | Exercise encourages bones to be stronger
74
What is the first stage of healing
Blood clotting
75
What happens after blood clotting
Cartridge and bone starts to replace blood clot and starts to re-ossify
76
What will reform the bone matrix
Osteoblast
77
What are the different types of muscle tissue
``` Cardiac muscle (involuntary) Smooth muscle (involuntary) Skeletal muscle (voluntary) ```
78
Where is the cardiac muscle located and what is it’s functions
In the wall of the heart Stations Intrinsic pacemaker - influenced by autonomic nerves, some hormones and metabolites Branches join cells
79
Why is it important for branches to join cells in cardiac muscle
For cardiac contraction
80
What is muscle tissue responsible for
Movement and locomotion
81
What is locomotion
The result of muscles pulling on bones
82
What does muscle contraction create
Motion
83
Why do muscles attach to the skeletal system
To produce locomotion
84
What does the hinge joint do
Flexing and extending along one place | Pairs of muscles work opposite one another to create motion
85
What does the ball and socket joint do
Allows a more rotational movement | Multiple pairs of muscles allow movement in a range of directions
86
What does a gliding joint do
Bones slide past one another | Allow twisting motion
87
What is flexion
Decrease angle of a joint
88
What is extention
Increases angle or a joint
89
What is abduction
Movement away from midline
90
What is adduction
Movement towards midline
91
What is rotation
Turning around an axis

Uni Biology (8 decks)

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