Support, Movement And The Integumentary System Flashcards
A tendon attaches what to what?
Bone to muscle
A ligament attaches what to what
Bone to bone
What tissue are tendons and ligaments made of
Connective tissue
Which large cell is responsible for the breakdown or absorption of new bone
Osteoclasts
What are bone forming cells
Osteoblasts
What is red bone marrow responsible for
The formation of red and white blood cells and platelets
What are the 4 primary functions in to the skeletal system
Involved in the production of blood cells
Provide protection to internal organs
Can store and release minerals
Provides support to the body and attachment for the muscles
The hip is an example of which type of joint
Ball and socket joint
The knee is an example of which type of joint
Hinge joint
the wrist is an example of what type of joint
Gliding joint
The type of muscle used for voluntary movements of the body and limbs is what
Skeletal
What are the functions of the skin
Temperature regulation
Protection (eg against bacteria and chemicals)
Sensory reception
How are scabs formed over the wounds
Through the process of blood clotting
The femur is an example of which type of bone
Long bone
Where is the simple squamous epithelium cell located
Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
What is the function of the simple squamous epithelium
Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, and secretes lubricating substances
Where is the simple cuboidal epithelium located
In ducts and secretory portions of small glands and kidney tubules
What is the function is the simple cuboidal epithelium
Secretes and absorbs
Where is the simple columnar epithelium located
Ciliates tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus
What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium
Absorbs and secretes mucous and enzymes
Where is the pseudo stratified columnar epithelium located
Ciliated tissues line the trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract
What is the function of the pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
Secretes mucus
Ciliated tissue moves mucus
Where is the stratified squamous epithelium located
Lines the oesophagus, mouth and vagina
What is the function of the stratified squamous epithelium
Protects against abrasion
Where is the stratified cuboidal epithelium located
Sweat glands, salivary glands and the mammary glands
What is the function of the stratified cuboidal epithelium
Protective tissue
Where is the stratified columnar epithelium located
The male urethra and the ducts of some glands
What is the function of the stratified columnar epithelium
Secretes and protects
Where is the transitional epithelium located
Line the bladders urethra and the uterus
What is the function of the transitional epithelium
Allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch
What are the tissue types
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
What does the muscle tissue do
Movement
Vascular tissue with lots of blood supply
Cardiac, smooth, skeletal muscle
What does the nervous tissue do
Communication and sensory integration
What are tissues made up of
Similar cells that form a function
What do tissues group together to form
Organs
What dictates the tissues function
The type of cells tissues are made up of
What do neurones do
Transmit and move information around the body
What are dendrites
The listening part of the cell
What do axons do and what are they supported by
Transmit out of the cell
Supported by glial cells
What are glial cells
Holds it all together (glue)
Supports and provides nutrients
What are the functions of the epithelial tissue
Protection (dehydration, mechanical damage, chemical damage) Secretion and excretion Absorption Filtration Sensory reception
What are the features of the epithelial tissue
Simple - single layered cell
Stratified- numerous layers of cells
Glandular - forms the glands of the body
What the the epithelial tissue attached to
A basement membrane
What is the most abundant tissue in the body
Connective tissue
What is the function of the connecting tissue
Lining and protecting layers
What are the 2 types for f connective tissue proper
Loose connective tissue (under skin)
Dense connective tissue (cartridge)
Functions of the connective tissue
Structural support
Protection
Transport
Insulation
What are loose connective tissue
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
What does areolar contain (loose ct)
Collagen, elastic and reticular
What is the functions of areolar (loose ct)
Support, elasticity and strength
Combines with adipose tissue to form subcutaneous layer
What does adipose contain
Adipocytes
What is the function of adipose
Insulation, protection and energy
Stores triglycerides
What is the function of the reticular (loose ct)
Protective framework around liver, spleen and lymph nodes
Filter blood in spleen
What are dense connective tissue
Regular
Irregular
Elastic
What are regular dense connective tissue
Collagen fibres in parallel
Ligaments and tendons
What are irregular dense connective tissue
Collagen fibres randomly arranged
Skin, heart, surrounding cartilage and bone
What are elastic dense connective tissue
Stretch
Found in lung and tissue and arteries
What happens when blood vessels dilate
Blood goes to the surface of the skin, the closer it is to the surface of the skin the more head regulated out
What does meissners corpuscle do
Sending movement in the skin
What happens if you cut yourself
Message from pressure will get sent up to the brain and then activate white blood cells
A further release of macrophages and fibroblast
How do platelets know there is a breach in the wall
Through chemical signals
They will go to that site and accumulate abs lump together
What does fibrin do
Forms a matrix, it will plug the hole and gives your body chance to repair it
What acts as a barrier protecting the body
Skin
Functions of muscular and skeletal system
Framework Support Movement Shape Maintain position/posture Attachment of muscles
How many bones in an adult skeleton
206
What is bone made up of
Bone cells in a matrix of collagen and minerals
What are the types of bone cells
Osteocytes Osteoblasts (form structure) Osteoclasts (break it down)
What are the types of bone
Flat bones
Short bones
Irregular bones
Long bones
What are bones made up of
Compact bone tissue Spongy bone (location of red marrow) Marrow cavity (location of yellow marrow)
What allows bone growth of Long bone during childhood
Epiphyseal plates
New cartridge is always formed
Older cartridge becomes ossified
Cartridge is broken down
Bone replaces cartridge
Differences in children (bones)
Bones are more porous More rapid healing Children’s bone are more flexible Simple fractures Physeal injury’s are more common
What happens to bones with a deficiency of calcium
Bones can’t maintain density
What is important for maintaining bone density
Diet and how your liver functions
Exercise encourages bones to be stronger
What is the first stage of healing
Blood clotting
What happens after blood clotting
Cartridge and bone starts to replace blood clot and starts to re-ossify
What will reform the bone matrix
Osteoblast
What are the different types of muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle (involuntary) Smooth muscle (involuntary) Skeletal muscle (voluntary)
Where is the cardiac muscle located and what is it’s functions
In the wall of the heart
Stations
Intrinsic pacemaker - influenced by autonomic nerves, some hormones and metabolites
Branches join cells
Why is it important for branches to join cells in cardiac muscle
For cardiac contraction
What is muscle tissue responsible for
Movement and locomotion
What is locomotion
The result of muscles pulling on bones
What does muscle contraction create
Motion
Why do muscles attach to the skeletal system
To produce locomotion
What does the hinge joint do
Flexing and extending along one place
Pairs of muscles work opposite one another to create motion
What does the ball and socket joint do
Allows a more rotational movement
Multiple pairs of muscles allow movement in a range of directions
What does a gliding joint do
Bones slide past one another
Allow twisting motion
What is flexion
Decrease angle of a joint
What is extention
Increases angle or a joint
What is abduction
Movement away from midline
What is adduction
Movement towards midline
What is rotation
Turning around an axis
