Nervous And Endocrine Flashcards
What are the primary roles of the parasympathetic nervous system
Conveys energy
Slows heart rate
Increases intestinal and glad activity
Known as the ‘rest and digest’ system
What is the name of the cell which is the basic functional unit of the nervous system
A neuron (also called neurone or nerve cell)
What does a neuron do
It’s a cell that carries electrical impulses and is the basic (functional and structural) unit of the nervous system
Which part of the nervous system includes the brain and spine
Central nervous system
Which part of the nervous system includes to sensory and motor neurones
Peripheral nervous system
What is the correct order to represent a reflex arc
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Effector
What are the principal ions involved in the generation of action potential in nerve cells
Sodium and potassium
What is part of the peripheral nervous system conducts nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscle to allow voluntary movement
Somatic
Is the duration of action of a nerve impulse brief unless neuronal activity continues
Yes
What is the chemical messenger that allows transmission of a signal from one neuron to another across a synapse
Neurotransmitter
What connects the nervous and endocrine system together
The hypothalamus
What are hormones
Chemical messengers
How are hormones secreted into the circulatory system
Via glands
What cells do hormones act on
Specific target cells
What do hormones bind with
A specific receptor of the target cells
Where are receptors for lipid based hormones
Inside the cell
Where are receptors for peptide based hormones
On the cell membrane
What are lipid based hormones
Steroids
Thyroid hormones
What are peptide hormones
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Insulin and glucagon
What do hormones do
Speed things up, slow things down or maintain things
what mechanisms are hormones controlled with
Negative and positive depending on the hormone
What do hormones have a link with
Nervous system control (via the hypothalamus)
How are hormones influenced
By the levels of other substances in the blood (blood glucose levels influencing action of insulin and glucagon)
What is the receptor
Detects the change
What’s the effector
Makes the change
Order of negative feedback mechanism
Receptor
Control centre
Effector
What are the main endocrine glands in the body
Pineal gland Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Thymus glad Adrenal gland Testes Ovaries
What does the pineal gland do
Produces hormones called melatonin
What does the pituitary gland do
control centre, regulates secretion of all hormones in body
What does the thyroid gland do
Regulates metabolism, regulates calcium levels
What does the thymus gland do
Plays a role in immune response
What does the adrenal gland do
Produce adrenaline and noradrenaline
What do ovaries do
Produce oestrogen
What do testes do
Produce testosterone
What is the difference in the nervous system and endocrine system in cells
Nervous - neurones
Endocrine - epithelial and others
What is the difference in the nervous system and endocrine system in chemical signals
Nervous -neurotransmitter
Endocrine - hormone
What is the difference in the nervous system and endocrine system in specificity of response
Nervous - receptors on postsynaptic cell
Endocrine - receptors on target cell