Organisations Of The Human Body Flashcards
True or false
The structure of a body part is related to its function
True
What is the level of organisation of the human body from simplest form to most complex?
Atom Molecule Macromolecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism
What does a human require to maintain life (5)
Pressure Heat Food Oxygen Water
What means a body part is above another part of the body?
Superior
What means a body part is below another body part?
Inferior
What means the body part is toward the sides and away from the midline?
Lateral
What term refers to when a given body part is further away from a point of attachment than the other body part?
Distal
What term refers to something on the body being toward the back
Posterior
What term refers to something situated near the surface of the body?
Superficial
What term describes part of the human body which is more internal than other, superficial parts of the body?
Deep
What term refers to the imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves?
Medial
What term refers to structures that are paired abs there is one each side of the midline of the body?
Bilateral
What term means towards the front of the body
Anterior
What term means that a body part is towards the side and away from the midline
Lateral
What is the name of the cavity that houses the brain?
Cranial cavity
Which cavity contains the terminal portion of the large intestines, the reproductive organs and the bladder?
Pelvic cavity
What cavity would you find the lungs?
Thoracic cavity
Where would you find the mediastinum?
Within the thoracic cavity
What cavity would you find the heart?
Abdominal cavity
Where would you find the diaphragm?
Between the thoracic and abdominal cavity
Which body parts can be found in the axial portion of the body?
Head, neck and trunk
What term refers to the process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the human body?
Homeostasis
What are the 3 mains components of homeostatic mechanisms
Receptor
Effector
Set point
What is the term for homeostatic mechanism that returns a deviation detected by the receptors back to the set point?
Negative feedback
What type of feedback is sweating on a hot day and the release of insulin by the pancreas after consuming a meal?
Negative feedback
What is a positive feedback mechanism?
A process that moves conditions away from the normal state
Within a homeostatic mechanism, what is the name of the component that provides specific information (stimuli) regarding the internal environment?
Receptor
Within a homeostatic mechanism what part of the process tells what a particular value should be?
Set point
Within a homeostatic mechanism, what part of the process brings about the changes that alters conditions in the internal environment?
Effector
True or false
Most feedback mechanism in the human body are negative?
True
What is the most common type of cell division in the human body?
Mitosis
What is the name of the type of cell division which is part of gametogenesis?
Meiosis
The process that forms egg cells in the female and sperm cells in the male
What is the name given to o the types of cell division that increases cel number and is vital for growth and development?
Mitosis
What is the name given to the process by which cell death occurs abs is a normal part of development
Apoptosis
What cell type do human beings comprise of?
Eukaryotic cells
What are the function of stem cells?
The provide new cells for growth and tissue repair
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology
Anatomy is the study of the structure
Physiology is the study of the function
How many pairs or chromosomes does a human cell have?
23
What does eukaryotic cell have that prokaryotic cell doesn’t
Multicellular life
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
What are organs
A collection of different types of tissues to carry out a specific function
What cavity are the eyes found in?
Orbital cavity
What cavity is the brain found in
Cranial cavity
What cavity is the stomach found in
Abdominal cavity
What cavity are the sinuses found in
Nasal cavity
What is a negative feedback system?
Work against the change - bringing body back to balance
What bloody do arteries carry?
Oxygenated
What blood do veins carry?
Deoxygenated
What blood do pulmonary veins carry?
Oxygenated blood
What bloody does pulmonary arteries carry?
Deoxygenated
The heart is _____ to the brain
Inferior
What cavity is the liver in?
Abdominal cavity
What cavity is the spleen in?
Abdominal cavity
What cavity is the gall bladder in,
Abdominal cavity
What cavity are the kidneys in
Abdominal cavity
What cavity is most of the small and large intestines in?
Abdominal cavity
What cavity is the spinal cord in?
Vertebral canal
What cavity is the end of t
Last he intestine in?
Pelvic cavity
What cavity is the bladder in
Pelvic cavity
What cavity is the reproductive organs in?
Pelvic cavity
What 3 cavity’s are viscera found in
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
What cavity is the teeth in
Oral cavity
What cavity is the tongue in
Oral cavity
What cavity is the eyes in
Orbital cavities
What cavity is the nerves in
Orbital cavities
What cavity is the muscles in
Orbital cavities
What cavity is the middle ear bone in
Middle ear cavities
What does superior mean
Above another part
What does inferior mean
Below another part
What does anterior (ventral) mean
Towards the front
What does posterior (dorsal) mean?
Towards the back
What does median mean?
Closer to the midline (middle)
What does lateral mean
Toward the side
What does bilateral mean
Both sides/paired structures with one on each side
What does ipsilateral mean
Structures on the same side