Superpowers Flashcards
what are the 4 pillars of power?
military
political
cultral
resources
what is the MAIN pillar of power?
economic
what is the modernisation theory?
explains China’s rise to becoming an economic superpower
what is the world system theory?
a consequence of the modernisation of nations and China has moved from being a perifpheery to a core nation
what is the dependency theory?
where superpower use political, cultral and economic forces to control periphery countries to gain economic wealth and power through exploitation
what is state capitalism?
companies are majorty or wholey owned by goverment
what is an example of state capitalsim?
Sinapec share of companies in fortune 500 from 50-119
what is investment into military power?
investment into armed forces and ability to expert (hard power)
what is an example of investment in ecomic pillar?
extending trade routes through infastucture and investments into other countries
what is an example of investment in cultral pillar?
influencing people and persuasion
what is an example of investment in the resource pillar?
physical resources like fossil feuls which are needed more as the global middle class increases
what are the 4 growing alliences with increasing influence?
r
a
i
p
russia + china
africa + china
iran + china
pakistan + china
for China’s belt and road, why does it help trade?
it will increase access to the global market and will increase trade opportunities
what are some economic benififts of china’s belt and road?
it will decrease income equality and will allow investemnts into the area to rival Bretton woods and will gain political alligence
what are some challenges of the belt and road policy?
it will threaten russias sphere of influence in central Asia
it will threaten US dominence
what is the contract on NATO - military allience?
if a NATO ally os attaked, the allies must act as if they were attaked and they must give troops and equipment
what is the role of the UNSC(United nations security council)?
maintian internationla peace and security
what is neocolonialism?
how developing countires could be influenced and controlled after gaianing independence from colonial powers
what is the definition of dependency?
used as a form of ensuring an allience but also as a control mechanism
what are the terms of trade?
the developed country will negotitate a low export price
developed country then adds manufacturing value
sells back to developing country
what terms do you have to accept to get a loan from NATO?
have to agree to structural adjustment policies
how many members are in NATO?
30
what are the structral adjustment policices for the IMF?
reduced spend
open up boarders for FDI from TNCS
what is hard power?
a coercive approach to international political relations by ahciving its aim by force like military power
what is soft power?
a persuasive approach to international relations typically involving the use of economic influecne
what is the main reason as to why Russia uses hard power?
ukraine doesn’t want to join NATO
what is an example of Russia’s hard power?
Donbas region = ethnic Russians 74.9% and speak russian
why do IMF loans lose to a developing country?
they are constantly losing resources and have to buy them back at an inflated cost which means they remain in a constant state of underdevelopment
what do IMF loans lead to?
primary product dependency
why was the british empire a superpower?
they controlled over 1/4 of the worlds land surface and more than a 1/4 of its population
what was the British empire used as a vehicle for?
trade
political influence
customs
sports
what is direct colonial control?
form of colonialism that involves the establishment of a central foreign authority
what is the case study for direct colonial rule?
the British Raj
how does the british empire link to dependency theory?
used political, cultural and economic forces to gain economic wealth and power
what is the definition of colonialsim?
practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country to exploit it economically
what is the definition of the dependency theory?
the periphery nations are dependent on core nations - mainly for flows of capital
what does economic neo-colonial control create?
favourable terms of trade
what are political forms of neo-colonialism control?
creating organizations where core nations have greater influence over decision making
what is the general assembly?
vote on things like to denounce countries
what is an economic benefit of political forms of neo-colonialism?
will help grow the economic pillar
what is a political benefit of political forms of neo-colonial control?
vote in developed nations favor on a resolution in the general assembly
what do military forms of neo-colonial control do?
create a military alliance where core nations support periphery nations in a regional conflict
what is a positive of using hard power?
it allows people to easily gain control and influence and can allow countries to gain spread of culture
what are the 4 emerging powers? (bric)
brazil
russia
india
china
what are some strengths of brazil being an emerging power?
they have the 12th largest power
huge resources
food security
what are 3 weaknesses of brazil being an emerging power?
limited military strength
high wealth inequality
low government stability
what are some strengths of russia being an emerging power?
11th largest GDP
very powerful army
large oil and gas reserves
what are some weaknesses of russia being an emerging power?
difficult relations
ageing population
much outdated military
what are some strengths of india being an emerging power?
5th largest GDP
large youthful population
large agricultural sector
what are some strengths of china being an emerging power?
2nd largest GDP
powerful military
soft and hard power connections
what are some weaknesses of india being an emerging power?
widespread poverty
lack of water resources
what are some weaknesses of china being an emerging power?
low birth rate
aggressive diplomacy
environmental problems
what is the aim of the world back?
to promote development and reduce poverty
what is the aim of IMF?
promote global economic stabiity
what is the aim of the WTO (world trade organisation)
to facilitate free trade to remove barriers in the form of tariffs
what is the aim of the WEF? (world economic forum)
improve collaboration between stakeholders to support the resolution of global issues
who does USA ally with? (2)
russia and china
what is outsourcing and offshoring?
periphery country make more profit with cheaper labor and raw materials and can control the country economically
what is a lobby goverment?
low tax and subsidies and reduce regulations
what is an economy of scale/
batch creating products so there will be a reduced cost
what made the covid 19 pandemic a global crisis?
created huge reductions in global economic activity
created a strain on healthcare services
death above natural backround rates
what are some impacts on the conflict with russia and ukraine?
death
changing in foreign policy
increase in refugees
costly damage
military aid
what are 4 impacts of climate change?
sea level rise
loss of biodiversity
increase in tropical storms
global wildfires
what is the role of the united nations security council?
decide to deploy peace-keepers
santions will be placed
vote about a global security matter should be held in the general assmebly
what is the environmental Kuznets curve?
states that as peoples incomes increase, so does environmental degradation
what are the 5 different reasons that superpowers have such high resource demands?
large and growing economies
increased industrialization
increasing wealthy population
increased populations
large militaries require resources
how does livestock help with superpower status?
it feeds the population
will increase economic output
investment in other pillars
creates soft power status
how does livestock affect climate change and biodiversity?
increase cows
increase methane
increase enhanced greenhouse affect
increase in global warming
increase in sea level
decrease in sunlight and photosynthesi8s
less coral growth
why have tensions risen over the south china sea?
around the economic zone
why has conflict risen over areas in the artic?
over spheres of influence in the artic and claiming of the land
what kinds of investment are china making in africa?
buying allies
building railways
building dams
what kinds of investment are china making in africa?
buying allies
building railways
building dams
how are investment projects funded?
through loans granted by china’s state owned and controlled export-import bank
what are the 4 causes of tensions?
cultral
political
economic
enviromental
