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Superpowers Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 4 pillars of power?

A

military
political
cultral
resources

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2
Q

what is the MAIN pillar of power?

A

economic

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3
Q

what is the modernisation theory?

A

explains China’s rise to becoming an economic superpower

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4
Q

what is the world system theory?

A

a consequence of the modernisation of nations and China has moved from being a perifpheery to a core nation

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5
Q

what is the dependency theory?

A

where superpower use political, cultral and economic forces to control periphery countries to gain economic wealth and power through exploitation

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6
Q

what is state capitalism?

A

companies are majorty or wholey owned by goverment

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7
Q

what is an example of state capitalsim?

A

Sinapec share of companies in fortune 500 from 50-119

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8
Q

what is investment into military power?

A

investment into armed forces and ability to expert (hard power)

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9
Q

what is an example of investment in ecomic pillar?

A

extending trade routes through infastucture and investments into other countries

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10
Q

what is an example of investment in cultral pillar?

A

influencing people and persuasion

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11
Q

what is an example of investment in the resource pillar?

A

physical resources like fossil feuls which are needed more as the global middle class increases

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12
Q

what are the 4 growing alliences with increasing influence?
r
a
i
p

A

russia + china
africa + china
iran + china
pakistan + china

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13
Q

for China’s belt and road, why does it help trade?

A

it will increase access to the global market and will increase trade opportunities

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14
Q

what are some economic benififts of china’s belt and road?

A

it will decrease income equality and will allow investemnts into the area to rival Bretton woods and will gain political alligence

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15
Q

what are some challenges of the belt and road policy?

A

it will threaten russias sphere of influence in central Asia
it will threaten US dominence

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16
Q

what is the contract on NATO - military allience?

A

if a NATO ally os attaked, the allies must act as if they were attaked and they must give troops and equipment

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17
Q

what is the role of the UNSC(United nations security council)?

A

maintian internationla peace and security

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18
Q

what is neocolonialism?

A

how developing countires could be influenced and controlled after gaianing independence from colonial powers

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19
Q

what is the definition of dependency?

A

used as a form of ensuring an allience but also as a control mechanism

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20
Q

what are the terms of trade?

A

the developed country will negotitate a low export price
developed country then adds manufacturing value
sells back to developing country

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21
Q

what terms do you have to accept to get a loan from NATO?

A

have to agree to structural adjustment policies

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22
Q

how many members are in NATO?

A

30

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23
Q

what are the structral adjustment policices for the IMF?

A

reduced spend
open up boarders for FDI from TNCS

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24
Q

what is hard power?

A

a coercive approach to international political relations by ahciving its aim by force like military power

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25
Q

what is soft power?

A

a persuasive approach to international relations typically involving the use of economic influecne

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26
Q

what is the main reason as to why Russia uses hard power?

A

ukraine doesn’t want to join NATO

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27
Q

what is an example of Russia’s hard power?

A

Donbas region = ethnic Russians 74.9% and speak russian

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28
Q

why do IMF loans lose to a developing country?

A

they are constantly losing resources and have to buy them back at an inflated cost which means they remain in a constant state of underdevelopment

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29
Q

what do IMF loans lead to?

A

primary product dependency

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30
Q

why was the british empire a superpower?

A

they controlled over 1/4 of the worlds land surface and more than a 1/4 of its population

31
Q

what was the British empire used as a vehicle for?

A

trade
political influence
customs
sports

32
Q

what is direct colonial control?

A

form of colonialism that involves the establishment of a central foreign authority

33
Q

what is the case study for direct colonial rule?

A

the British Raj

34
Q

how does the british empire link to dependency theory?

A

used political, cultural and economic forces to gain economic wealth and power

35
Q

what is the definition of colonialsim?

A

practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country to exploit it economically

36
Q

what is the definition of the dependency theory?

A

the periphery nations are dependent on core nations - mainly for flows of capital

37
Q

what does economic neo-colonial control create?

A

favourable terms of trade

38
Q

what are political forms of neo-colonialism control?

A

creating organizations where core nations have greater influence over decision making

39
Q

what is the general assembly?

A

vote on things like to denounce countries

40
Q

what is an economic benefit of political forms of neo-colonialism?

A

will help grow the economic pillar

41
Q

what is a political benefit of political forms of neo-colonial control?

A

vote in developed nations favor on a resolution in the general assembly

42
Q

what do military forms of neo-colonial control do?

A

create a military alliance where core nations support periphery nations in a regional conflict

43
Q

what is a positive of using hard power?

A

it allows people to easily gain control and influence and can allow countries to gain spread of culture

44
Q

what are the 4 emerging powers? (bric)

A

brazil
russia
india
china

45
Q

what are some strengths of brazil being an emerging power?

A

they have the 12th largest power
huge resources
food security

46
Q

what are 3 weaknesses of brazil being an emerging power?

A

limited military strength
high wealth inequality
low government stability

47
Q

what are some strengths of russia being an emerging power?

A

11th largest GDP
very powerful army
large oil and gas reserves

48
Q

what are some weaknesses of russia being an emerging power?

A

difficult relations
ageing population
much outdated military

49
Q

what are some strengths of india being an emerging power?

A

5th largest GDP
large youthful population
large agricultural sector

50
Q

what are some strengths of china being an emerging power?

A

2nd largest GDP
powerful military
soft and hard power connections

51
Q

what are some weaknesses of india being an emerging power?

A

widespread poverty
lack of water resources

52
Q

what are some weaknesses of china being an emerging power?

A

low birth rate
aggressive diplomacy
environmental problems

53
Q

what is the aim of the world back?

A

to promote development and reduce poverty

54
Q

what is the aim of IMF?

A

promote global economic stabiity

55
Q

what is the aim of the WTO (world trade organisation)

A

to facilitate free trade to remove barriers in the form of tariffs

56
Q

what is the aim of the WEF? (world economic forum)

A

improve collaboration between stakeholders to support the resolution of global issues

57
Q

who does USA ally with? (2)

A

russia and china

58
Q

what is outsourcing and offshoring?

A

periphery country make more profit with cheaper labor and raw materials and can control the country economically

59
Q

what is a lobby goverment?

A

low tax and subsidies and reduce regulations

60
Q

what is an economy of scale/

A

batch creating products so there will be a reduced cost

61
Q

what made the covid 19 pandemic a global crisis?

A

created huge reductions in global economic activity
created a strain on healthcare services
death above natural backround rates

62
Q

what are some impacts on the conflict with russia and ukraine?

A

death
changing in foreign policy
increase in refugees
costly damage
military aid

63
Q

what are 4 impacts of climate change?

A

sea level rise
loss of biodiversity
increase in tropical storms
global wildfires

64
Q

what is the role of the united nations security council?

A

decide to deploy peace-keepers
santions will be placed
vote about a global security matter should be held in the general assmebly

65
Q

what is the environmental Kuznets curve?

A

states that as peoples incomes increase, so does environmental degradation

66
Q

what are the 5 different reasons that superpowers have such high resource demands?

A

large and growing economies
increased industrialization
increasing wealthy population
increased populations
large militaries require resources

67
Q

how does livestock help with superpower status?

A

it feeds the population
will increase economic output
investment in other pillars
creates soft power status

68
Q

how does livestock affect climate change and biodiversity?

A

increase cows
increase methane
increase enhanced greenhouse affect
increase in global warming
increase in sea level
decrease in sunlight and photosynthesi8s
less coral growth

69
Q

why have tensions risen over the south china sea?

A

around the economic zone

70
Q

why has conflict risen over areas in the artic?

A

over spheres of influence in the artic and claiming of the land

71
Q

what kinds of investment are china making in africa?

A

buying allies
building railways
building dams

71
Q

what kinds of investment are china making in africa?

A

buying allies
building railways
building dams

72
Q

how are investment projects funded?

A

through loans granted by china’s state owned and controlled export-import bank

73
Q

what are the 4 causes of tensions?

A

cultral
political
economic
enviromental

Geography (8 decks)

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