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Geography > Regeneration > Flashcards

Regeneration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is place?

A

An area with meaning

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2
Q

What are the tree levels that changes are driven at?

A

Locally, nationally and global

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3
Q

What is regeneration?

A

A form a place making designed to tackle inequalities in urban or rural places

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4
Q

Why is regeneration needed?

A

To make a place economically productive

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5
Q

What is the global shift theory?

A

Outsourcing manufacturing to south East Asia

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6
Q

What happened as a result of global shift?

A

Deindustrialisation and a spiral of decline

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7
Q

What is a location quotient?

A

A way of quantifying how concentrated a particular industry is in a region compared to the nation

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8
Q

What is a spiral of decline?

A

Masses of lost jobs, less money available and out migration

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9
Q

What is a positive multiplier?

A

Higher income leads to increased employment

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10
Q

How do successful places become?

A

They adapt to the demands and re-invent

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11
Q

How do unsuccessful places become?

A

They suffer from more losses

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12
Q

How can a place become successful?

A

Positive government led regeneration e.g the Olympics

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13
Q

How did San Francisco become a reinventor city?

A

Influx of .com companies, higher qualified individuals, high demand for services, house prices increase, gated communities

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14
Q

What is gentrification?

A

An increase cost of living

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15
Q

Why do successful urban areas help rural areas?

A

They become commuter towns with good transport links

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16
Q

What is counter Ubanisation?

A

Where people migrate to rural areas but work in urban areas

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17
Q

What causes rural success?

A

Accessibility and connectedness

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18
Q

Where is Winchester located?

A

Itchen Valley

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19
Q

How many people live in Winchester?

A

1,900

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20
Q

What are the Indices of Multiple Deprivation?

A

The breakdown of deprivation into different classes

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21
Q

What is the intergenerational cycle of poverty?

A

Educational underachievement may be in the genes

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22
Q

What is quality of life?

A

The level of social and economic wellbeing

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23
Q

What is a sink estate?

A

An estate with little population

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24
Q

What is an issue with the population of Cornwall?

A

It is elderly

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25
Q

In 1998 what closed in Cornwall causing a spiral of decline?

A

The last tin mine

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26
Q

What happened as a result of the last tin mine being closed in Cornwall?

A

There was a decrease in working aged people being employed

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27
Q

What happened in Leeds that made it successsful?

A

Studentifacation

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28
Q

What causes low house prices in Leeds?

A

Long term residents don’t want to live there so move out

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29
Q

What is the rust belt legacy?

A

The concentration of deindustrialisation and loss of unemployment

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30
Q

Why is Scunthorpe an unsuccessful urban place?

A

Their money comes from steel-manufacturing which is declining due to global shift

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31
Q

Why is crime rate and unemployment so high in Scunthorpe?

A

There are no jobs available so no income

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32
Q

How might you change or re-invent an area?

A

Drive education and opportunities

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33
Q

What % of people in Cornwall are over 65?

A

25%

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34
Q

What is studentification?

A

Where specific neighbourhoods become dominated with students

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35
Q

What can success in urban areas be due to?

A

Market forces

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36
Q

What was the year for the San Fransisco .com boom?

A

1990

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37
Q

What does demand for higher services lead to? (San Fransisco)?

A

Drove improvements in infrastructure and housing

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38
Q

What is the average house price in Haight Ashbury in San Francisco?

A

$1.3 million

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39
Q

What do the top 5% of house in San Francisco earn?

A

£800,000 annually

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40
Q

What caused the lower income families in San Francisco to move out?

A

gentrification

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41
Q

What is the case study for a successful urban area?

A

San Francisco

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42
Q

What is the case study for a successful rural area?

A

Itchen Valley

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43
Q

Why is Itchen Valley become a successful rural place?

A

It became a commuter town for local urban areas

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44
Q

How many residents are located in Itchen Valley?

A

1900

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45
Q

What is the average house price in Knutsford?

A

£500,000

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46
Q

What are the average rental costs in Knutsford?

A

£900-1,000

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47
Q

What can a successful rural place do to the working demogrpahic?

A

Lack of skill sets needed for employment

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48
Q

Why does Blackpool volunteering occur?

A

Conflicts that lead to refugee crisis’s

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49
Q

How many Afghan refugees are there in Blackpool?

A

140

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50
Q

Why does Knutsford volunteering occur?

A

Self-governed community groups

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51
Q

What is an example of a positive volunteering scheme?

A

Blackpool sea life beach clean up

52
Q

What is one way of measuring levels of engament?

A

Voter turnout

53
Q

Why do some places have lower voter turnout?

A

The current politicians do not represent their needs

54
Q

What was the average % of voter turnout in Blackpool in 2015?

A

59%

55
Q

What was the average % of voter turnout in Knutsford in 2015?

A

70.4%

56
Q

What % of the population in Knutsford are over 65?

A

24%

57
Q

What was the turnout for the EU referendum in Blackpool?

A

65.4%

58
Q

What % of people in Blackpool voted to leave in the EU referendum?

A

67.5%

59
Q

What is the point of community groups?

A

To help shape a place in particular ways

60
Q

Who engages in the local area?

A

Older people

61
Q

Who doesn’t engage in the local area?

A

Younger people/ people who don’t live there

62
Q

How many billion of £ will Heathrow airport 3rd runway create in benefits?

A

£100 billion

63
Q

With the Heathrow airport expansion, how many jobs will it create?

A

70,000

64
Q

What is an environmentalist group who are against the Heathrow airport expansion?

A

Plane Stupid

65
Q

What is the role of national government in regeneration projects?

A

They put laws in place to help the projects

66
Q

What is the role of local government in regeneration projects?

A

They find out what needs regnerating

67
Q

What is the role of the local authroity?

A

They grant planning permission for areas

68
Q

What is a reason as to why there are regeneration strategies in the north but not the south?

A

To shorten the north south divide

69
Q

What are benefits in regeneration projects in relation to employment?

A

It will increase

70
Q

How many homes will be made from the crown estate in Knutsford?

A

240

71
Q

What are 3 examples of hard regeneration? (Cpi)

A

Capital investment
Physical buildings
Infrastructure

72
Q

What are 3 examples of soft regeneration? -( pse)

A

Planning
Skills
Education

73
Q

How many science parks were made in 2015

A

100

74
Q

How many people were employed in science and technology parks?

A

42,000

75
Q

Why are the development of science and technology important to areas?

A

They attract highly qualified people to an area

76
Q

Why is Alderly edge a good commuter town?

A

It is part of the Golden triangle

77
Q

What is the average cost of houses in Alderley Edge?

A

£1 million

78
Q

Where did the London 2012 Olympic regeneration scheme take place?

A

Clays lane estate

79
Q

How many farms in the UK have some form of diversified activity in their farming business

A

Half

80
Q

What is the reason behind the Field to fork sensory exhibition?

A

To change perception and develop a sense of place

81
Q

What does Dunham Massey Altrincham have? (3)

A

A tearoom maize maze and a farm shop

82
Q

What is the future high street fund?

A

Aims to re-invent the UK’s high streets

83
Q

What % of shops were vacant in Altrincham?

A

30%

84
Q

If 30% of retail spaces were unoccupied, what is the in a fraction?

A

1/3

85
Q

How many miles away is Altrinchams high street in relation to the Trafford centre?

A

7

86
Q

How much % increase has business had in Altrincham’s market hall?

A

500%

87
Q

What is the re-branding of a place?

A

Investing money into it to improve it

88
Q

Why do people re-brand?

A

To make them re-consider their perspective of that place

89
Q

What is re-imaging?

A

The modelling of an area to create a better image

90
Q

What kickstarted the Glasgow regeneration?

A

European capital culture status to prove that Glasgow is a place worth living

91
Q

What was awarded to Scotland in 2004?

A

The style campaign

92
Q

What did Glasgow hold in 2014?

A

The Commonwealth games

93
Q

Where was the regeneration project in Liverpool taking place?

A

In the docklands

94
Q

How many apartments were made in the Liverpool regeneraton project?

A

2,300

95
Q

What was the regeneration project in Liverpool aim to create?

A

A mixed use space

96
Q

Why was Kielder forest park created?

A

to attract visitation with a range of activities

97
Q

What made Kielder forest park successful?

A

It has so many activities that you have to stay for multiple days

98
Q

Why is Brante Country successful?

A

Novels were created using these as settings and so people go their to visit it

99
Q

How many people visit Kielder forest and water park a year?

A

350,000

100
Q

What is a negative of Kielder forest and water park?

A

Essential services such as the post office and school are at risk of closure

101
Q

What is a negative relating to weather for Kielder forest and water park?

A

In the winter months it sees less business as it is a weather dependant attraction

102
Q

How can we measure increasing health?

A

An increasing life expectancy

103
Q

What is a sign of low health?

A

High rates of chronic liver disease / lung cancer

104
Q

What is an example of a strategy of increasing the health of a population

A

Tax on certain industries who produce unhealthy products eg - tobacco, sugar

105
Q

How can we increase educational attainment?

A

Improvements to opportunities eg, more universities

106
Q

How can we improve educational attainment?

A

Remove barriers to accessing higher education

107
Q

What can improvements to education do to an area?

A

Attract business, create employment, increase income, break the cycle of poverty

108
Q

What are some characteristics of a poor environment?

A

Derelict land, vacant units, high air pollution

109
Q

How can we encourage a healthy environment?

A

Create cycle lanes, more frequent public transport, pedestrians streets

110
Q

What is a benefit for increasing healthy environment?

A

It improves place perception

111
Q

How can we build up an indoor environment to become more eco friendly?

A

Add insulation to the building to preserve more heat

112
Q

What happens when we increase the indoor enviroment?

A

It will increase the disposable income = more money to spend

113
Q

What is a positive of an increasing population?

A

More businesses will locate and the workforce will increase

114
Q

What is the case study of increasing populations?

A

Newcastle Quayside with more and more 20-24 aged people

115
Q

How can we increase employment in an area?

A

Create an enterprise zone (low tax area)

116
Q

What will increasing incomes do to all of the employment secotrs?

A

It will trickle down with a variety of employment

117
Q

Where do you normally regenerate in urban areas?

A

Post industrial land

118
Q

What is a stakeholder?

A

Someone with vested interest who will be affected by regeneration projects

119
Q

What are 3 examples of stakeholders in urban regeneration?

A

Residents
Businesses / developers
Environmentalists

120
Q

What is an example of urban regeneration project?

A

HS2

121
Q

What is the purpose of rural regeneration?

A

To increase visitation

122
Q

Who are the 4 stakeholders in rural regeneration?

A

Local council
Residents
Tourists
Enviromentalists

123
Q

What is the case study for rural regeneration?

A

Eden project

124
Q

Why were the stakeholders important as the Eden project was being planned?

A

They made all the decisions as it was where they lived and it let them feel like they are in control

125
Q

What is the coastal example of a rural regeneration?

A

Giants cuaseway

126
Q

What were they trying to build next to the giants cuaseway?

A

A golf course

127
Q

Why was the golf course that was going to be built next to the giants causeway fail?

A

It interrupted too many natural landscapes

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