Regeneration Flashcards
What is place?
An area with meaning
What are the tree levels that changes are driven at?
Locally, nationally and global
What is regeneration?
A form a place making designed to tackle inequalities in urban or rural places
Why is regeneration needed?
To make a place economically productive
What is the global shift theory?
Outsourcing manufacturing to south East Asia
What happened as a result of global shift?
Deindustrialisation and a spiral of decline
What is a location quotient?
A way of quantifying how concentrated a particular industry is in a region compared to the nation
What is a spiral of decline?
Masses of lost jobs, less money available and out migration
What is a positive multiplier?
Higher income leads to increased employment
How do successful places become?
They adapt to the demands and re-invent
How do unsuccessful places become?
They suffer from more losses
How can a place become successful?
Positive government led regeneration e.g the Olympics
How did San Francisco become a reinventor city?
Influx of .com companies, higher qualified individuals, high demand for services, house prices increase, gated communities
What is gentrification?
An increase cost of living
Why do successful urban areas help rural areas?
They become commuter towns with good transport links
What is counter Ubanisation?
Where people migrate to rural areas but work in urban areas
What causes rural success?
Accessibility and connectedness
Where is Winchester located?
Itchen Valley
How many people live in Winchester?
1,900
What are the Indices of Multiple Deprivation?
The breakdown of deprivation into different classes
What is the intergenerational cycle of poverty?
Educational underachievement may be in the genes
What is quality of life?
The level of social and economic wellbeing
What is a sink estate?
An estate with little population
What is an issue with the population of Cornwall?
It is elderly
In 1998 what closed in Cornwall causing a spiral of decline?
The last tin mine
What happened as a result of the last tin mine being closed in Cornwall?
There was a decrease in working aged people being employed
What happened in Leeds that made it successsful?
Studentifacation
What causes low house prices in Leeds?
Long term residents don’t want to live there so move out
What is the rust belt legacy?
The concentration of deindustrialisation and loss of unemployment
Why is Scunthorpe an unsuccessful urban place?
Their money comes from steel-manufacturing which is declining due to global shift
Why is crime rate and unemployment so high in Scunthorpe?
There are no jobs available so no income
How might you change or re-invent an area?
Drive education and opportunities
What % of people in Cornwall are over 65?
25%
What is studentification?
Where specific neighbourhoods become dominated with students
What can success in urban areas be due to?
Market forces
What was the year for the San Fransisco .com boom?
1990
What does demand for higher services lead to? (San Fransisco)?
Drove improvements in infrastructure and housing
What is the average house price in Haight Ashbury in San Francisco?
$1.3 million
What do the top 5% of house in San Francisco earn?
£800,000 annually
What caused the lower income families in San Francisco to move out?
gentrification
What is the case study for a successful urban area?
San Francisco
What is the case study for a successful rural area?
Itchen Valley
Why is Itchen Valley become a successful rural place?
It became a commuter town for local urban areas
How many residents are located in Itchen Valley?
1900
What is the average house price in Knutsford?
£500,000
What are the average rental costs in Knutsford?
£900-1,000
What can a successful rural place do to the working demogrpahic?
Lack of skill sets needed for employment
Why does Blackpool volunteering occur?
Conflicts that lead to refugee crisis’s
How many Afghan refugees are there in Blackpool?
140
Why does Knutsford volunteering occur?
Self-governed community groups
What is an example of a positive volunteering scheme?
Blackpool sea life beach clean up
What is one way of measuring levels of engament?
Voter turnout
Why do some places have lower voter turnout?
The current politicians do not represent their needs
What was the average % of voter turnout in Blackpool in 2015?
59%
What was the average % of voter turnout in Knutsford in 2015?
70.4%
What % of the population in Knutsford are over 65?
24%
What was the turnout for the EU referendum in Blackpool?
65.4%
What % of people in Blackpool voted to leave in the EU referendum?
67.5%
What is the point of community groups?
To help shape a place in particular ways
Who engages in the local area?
Older people
Who doesn’t engage in the local area?
Younger people/ people who don’t live there
How many billion of £ will Heathrow airport 3rd runway create in benefits?
£100 billion
With the Heathrow airport expansion, how many jobs will it create?
70,000
What is an environmentalist group who are against the Heathrow airport expansion?
Plane Stupid
What is the role of national government in regeneration projects?
They put laws in place to help the projects
What is the role of local government in regeneration projects?
They find out what needs regnerating
What is the role of the local authroity?
They grant planning permission for areas
What is a reason as to why there are regeneration strategies in the north but not the south?
To shorten the north south divide
What are benefits in regeneration projects in relation to employment?
It will increase
How many homes will be made from the crown estate in Knutsford?
240
What are 3 examples of hard regeneration? (Cpi)
Capital investment
Physical buildings
Infrastructure
What are 3 examples of soft regeneration? -( pse)
Planning
Skills
Education
How many science parks were made in 2015
100
How many people were employed in science and technology parks?
42,000
Why are the development of science and technology important to areas?
They attract highly qualified people to an area
Why is Alderly edge a good commuter town?
It is part of the Golden triangle
What is the average cost of houses in Alderley Edge?
£1 million
Where did the London 2012 Olympic regeneration scheme take place?
Clays lane estate
How many farms in the UK have some form of diversified activity in their farming business
Half
What is the reason behind the Field to fork sensory exhibition?
To change perception and develop a sense of place
What does Dunham Massey Altrincham have? (3)
A tearoom maize maze and a farm shop
What is the future high street fund?
Aims to re-invent the UK’s high streets
What % of shops were vacant in Altrincham?
30%
If 30% of retail spaces were unoccupied, what is the in a fraction?
1/3
How many miles away is Altrinchams high street in relation to the Trafford centre?
7
How much % increase has business had in Altrincham’s market hall?
500%
What is the re-branding of a place?
Investing money into it to improve it
Why do people re-brand?
To make them re-consider their perspective of that place
What is re-imaging?
The modelling of an area to create a better image
What kickstarted the Glasgow regeneration?
European capital culture status to prove that Glasgow is a place worth living
What was awarded to Scotland in 2004?
The style campaign
What did Glasgow hold in 2014?
The Commonwealth games
Where was the regeneration project in Liverpool taking place?
In the docklands
How many apartments were made in the Liverpool regeneraton project?
2,300
What was the regeneration project in Liverpool aim to create?
A mixed use space
Why was Kielder forest park created?
to attract visitation with a range of activities
What made Kielder forest park successful?
It has so many activities that you have to stay for multiple days
Why is Brante Country successful?
Novels were created using these as settings and so people go their to visit it
How many people visit Kielder forest and water park a year?
350,000
What is a negative of Kielder forest and water park?
Essential services such as the post office and school are at risk of closure
What is a negative relating to weather for Kielder forest and water park?
In the winter months it sees less business as it is a weather dependant attraction
How can we measure increasing health?
An increasing life expectancy
What is a sign of low health?
High rates of chronic liver disease / lung cancer
What is an example of a strategy of increasing the health of a population
Tax on certain industries who produce unhealthy products eg - tobacco, sugar
How can we increase educational attainment?
Improvements to opportunities eg, more universities
How can we improve educational attainment?
Remove barriers to accessing higher education
What can improvements to education do to an area?
Attract business, create employment, increase income, break the cycle of poverty
What are some characteristics of a poor environment?
Derelict land, vacant units, high air pollution
How can we encourage a healthy environment?
Create cycle lanes, more frequent public transport, pedestrians streets
What is a benefit for increasing healthy environment?
It improves place perception
How can we build up an indoor environment to become more eco friendly?
Add insulation to the building to preserve more heat
What happens when we increase the indoor enviroment?
It will increase the disposable income = more money to spend
What is a positive of an increasing population?
More businesses will locate and the workforce will increase
What is the case study of increasing populations?
Newcastle Quayside with more and more 20-24 aged people
How can we increase employment in an area?
Create an enterprise zone (low tax area)
What will increasing incomes do to all of the employment secotrs?
It will trickle down with a variety of employment
Where do you normally regenerate in urban areas?
Post industrial land
What is a stakeholder?
Someone with vested interest who will be affected by regeneration projects
What are 3 examples of stakeholders in urban regeneration?
Residents
Businesses / developers
Environmentalists
What is an example of urban regeneration project?
HS2
What is the purpose of rural regeneration?
To increase visitation
Who are the 4 stakeholders in rural regeneration?
Local council
Residents
Tourists
Enviromentalists
What is the case study for rural regeneration?
Eden project
Why were the stakeholders important as the Eden project was being planned?
They made all the decisions as it was where they lived and it let them feel like they are in control
What is the coastal example of a rural regeneration?
Giants cuaseway
What were they trying to build next to the giants cuaseway?
A golf course
Why was the golf course that was going to be built next to the giants causeway fail?
It interrupted too many natural landscapes
