Superficial Triangle and Cervical Viscera

Question 1

three key landmarks of the neck

Answer 1

greater cornu of hyoid bone (upper neck)
6th cervical vertebra (lower neck)
anterior scalene m

Question 2

platysma m

Answer 2

contraction increases compartment size of the neck reliving venous pressure
inn by cervical branch of the fascial n

Question 3

sternocleidomastoid m (SMC)

Answer 3

inn by spinal accessory n

actions - rotation (unilateral), flexion and extension (bilateral)

Question 4

posterior (lateral) triangle of the neck

Answer 4

external jugular v
spinal accessory n (XI)
superficial branches of the Cervical Plexus
inferior (root) of the neck

Question 5

external jugular v (EJV)

Answer 5

formed by post. auricular and retromandibular v

drains into subclavian v

Question 6

spinal accessory n (XI)

Answer 6

important to keep during radical neck surgery

inn SCM and trapezius mm

Question 7

Lesser occipital n

superficial branches of the cervical plexus

Answer 7

supplies GSA fibers to the posterolateral aspect of head

Question 8

Great auricular n

superficial branches of the cervical plexus

Answer 8

inn the skin of the parotid and mastoid regions

Question 9

Transverse cervical n

superficial branches of the cervical plexus

Answer 9

inn the skin of ant. neck

Question 10

Supraclavicular n

superficial branches of the cervical plexus

Answer 10

inn the skin of the upper chest and shoulders

Question 11

root of the neck

Answer 11

subclavian v
phrenic n 
subclavian a
brachial plexus 
omohyoid m
throacic duct (only on L side)

Question 12

anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 12

carotid triangle
submandibular triangle
submandibular salivary gland

Question 13

carotid triangle

Answer 13

contains many important nervous and vascular structures

Question 14

submandibular triangle

Answer 14

landmark - hyoid bone

contains many mm

Question 15

anterior digastric m

Answer 15

inn by mylohyoid n

Question 16

posterior digastric m

Answer 16

inn by VII

hypoglossal n is located b/w the inferior border of the posterior digastric and the tip of the hyoid

Question 17

stylohyoid m

Answer 17

inn by VII

median and parallel to post. digastric m

Question 18

mylophyoid m

Answer 18

inn by mylohyoid n

form the muscular flood of the oral cavity and submental triangle

Question 19

geniohyoid m

Answer 19

inn by C1

paramedian and superior to the mylohyoid m

Question 20

action of suprahyoid m

Answer 20

open the mouth when the hyoid is fixed by the infrahyoid mm

during the second phase of swallowing they elevate the floor of the mouth and tongue

Question 21

hyoglossus m

Answer 21

inn by XII

retracts tongue

Question 22

superior salivary nucleus

Answer 22

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

send info the submandibular ganglion

Question 23

submandibular ganglion

Answer 23

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

inn submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Question 24

superior cervical ganglion

Answer 24

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

branches form external carotid plexus

Question 25

facial plexus

Answer 25

on the facial a.

distributes postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Question 26

muscular triangle

Answer 26

mm group will depress they hyoid, larynx and floor of the mouth, or stabilize the hyoid and larynx

Question 27

thyroid gland

Answer 27

two lobes connect by isthmus
pyramidal lobe runs superior from isthmus (formed when thyroid migrates from tongue)
RLN located medial to the lobes
parathyroid glands are on post. surface

Question 28

thyroglossal cyst

Answer 28

remnant of thyroglassal duct

Question 29

lymph drainage of thyroid gland

Answer 29

paratracheal to pretracheal to deep cervical to venous drainage

Question 30

parathyroid glands

Answer 30

post. to thyroid
supplied by inferior thyroid a
secrete PTH which is important in Ca homeostasis

Question 31

trachea

Answer 31

starts at C6

RLN is posterolateral

Question 32

tracheotomy

Answer 32

cut through tracheal rings 2-4

replaced by cricothyrotomy

Question 33

esophagus

Answer 33

post. to trachea ant to C6

surgical access easier from left side

Question 34

cupula of pleura

Answer 34

portion of the thoracic cavity that extends into the base of the neck

Question 35

pneumothorax

Answer 35

due to penetrating wounds to the base of the neck that puncture the pleural cavity and or lung collapse