Pharynx

Question 1

oral phase

Answer 1

mastication

Question 2

oropharyngeal phase

Answer 2

involves the elevation of the floor of the mouth and tongue in order to push the bolus into the oropharynx

Question 3

paryngo-esophageal phase

Answer 3

oropharynx elevates and constricts around the bolus and propels it down the esophagus

Question 4

location of epiglottis in infants

Answer 4

superior almost in contact w/ soft palate
allows babies to eat and breath at the same time
will descend within the 1st year of life

Question 5

nasopharynx

Answer 5

post to nasal cavity
communicates with nasal cavity via choanae
communicates with oropharynx via pharyngeal isthmus

Question 6

oropharynx

Answer 6

behind the oral cavity
communicates w/ nasopharynx via the pharyngeal isthmus
communicates w/ oral cavity via faucial isthmus

Question 7

laryngopharynx

Answer 7

post to the larynx

communicates w/ larynx via laryngeal aditus

Question 8

piriform recesses

Answer 8

post and lateral to the arytenoid cartilages in the laryngopharynx
inn by internal laryngeal n and superior laryngeal a

Question 9

layers of pharyngeal wall (inside out)

Answer 9

mucosa
submucosa
pharyngobasilar fascia 
inner elevators of the pharynx 
pharyngeal constrictor mm 
buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 10

stylopharyngeus m

Answer 10

inn by cranial n IX

elevates pharynx

Question 11

salpingopharyngeus m

Answer 11

forms mucosal ridge - salpinopharyngeal fold

elevates pharynx

Question 12

superior constrictor m

Answer 12

attached to pterygomandibular raphe

Question 13

middle constrictor m

Answer 13

attached to hyoid and pharyngeal raphe

Question 14

inferior constrictor m

Answer 14

horizontal mm fibers make up cricopharyngeus m which is used during pharyngeal speech

Question 15

buccopharyngeal fascia

Answer 15

covers the outer surface of the buccinator mm and pharynx

pharyngeal plexus is embedded in the portion of the fascia covering the middle constrictor

Question 16

retropharyngeal space

Answer 16

infections can spread from either skull or mediastinum via this space
surgical fusion of cervical vertebrae occur in this space

Question 17

pharyngeal plexus

Answer 17

receives sensory form the pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal n
receives motor fibers from the pharyngeal branch of the vagus n

Question 18

gag reflex

Answer 18

glossopharyngeal n - sensory
vagus n - motor response
in by 9 out by 10

Question 19

arytenoid cartilages

Answer 19

phonation - rotate along vertical axis to control tension of the vocal cords
respiration - slide laterally to open the rima glottidis

Question 20

valleculae epiglottica

Answer 20

b/w tongue and epiglottis

location of blade during intubation

Question 21

cricothyroid joint

Answer 21

increase in pitch

RLN passes post.

Question 22

thyroid membrane

Answer 22

pierced by the superior laryngeal a and internal laryngeal n

Question 23

quadrangular membrane

Answer 23

arytenoid to the epiglottic cartilages

Question 24

posterior cricoartenoid m

Answer 24

only AB of the vocal cords

Question 25

cricothyroid m

Answer 25

increases the tension on the vocal cords

inn by external laryngeal n of the vagus n

Question 26

vocalis m

Answer 26

decreases the tension on the vocal ligament

Question 27

thyroepigottic m

Answer 27

sphincter of the laryngeal aditus

Question 28

laryngeal expiration reflex

Answer 28

stimulus - aspiration stimulates R in mucosa
afferent - ibSLN inn the R, afferent enter medulla w/ vagus n and terminate in vicinity of nucleus soltaris
efferent - RLN, intercostal, abdominal n control mm
effect - abrupt involuntary expiratory coughing

Question 29

internal branch of the superior laryngeal n (ibSLN)

Answer 29

chief sensory n to the interior of the larynx
supplies sensory fibers to interior of larynx
involved in cough reflex

Question 30

laryngeal cough reflex

Answer 30

afferent fibers in ibSLN carry information in

if cut there is no cough stimulated

Question 31

external branch of the superior laryngeal n

Answer 31

inn the cricothyroid m

Question 32

recurrent laryngeal n

Answer 32

inn laryngeal mm

fibers originate from the nucleus ambiguus

Question 33

superior laryngeal n (internal)

Answer 33

chief sensory n to the interior of larynx and piriform recess

Question 34

superior thyroid a

Answer 34

distributes to interior of the larynx

Question 35

superior laryngeal n (external)

Answer 35

inn cricothyroid m

Question 36

external carotid a

Answer 36

supplies lobes of thyroid gland

Question 37

vagus n

Answer 37

inn all laryngeal mm except cricothyroid

Question 38

inferior thyroid a

Answer 38

supplies the thyroid gland and parathyroids