NT Systems Flashcards
Dopamine
Central Location - basa ganglia and VTA Functions - motor control, pleasure, consciousness Inonotropic R - none Metabotropic R - D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 Other - tyrosine derivative
Norepinephrine
Central Location - pons/brainstem (locus cerules)
Functions - wakefulness
Iontropic R - none
Metabotropic R - alpha and beta drenergics
Other - tyrosine derivatives
Epinephrine
Central Location - brainstem (adrenal medulla)
Functions - wakefulness
Iontropic R - none
Metabotropic R - alpha and beta adrenergics
Other - tyrosine derivative
Serotonin
Central Location - brainstem (raphe nucleus) Functions - mood, wakefulness Iontropic R - 5HT3 (vomiting) Metabotropic R - multiple 5HT6 - mood Other - tryptophan derivative
Histamine
Central Location - hypothalamus (tuberomammillary body) Functions - waking Iontropic R - none Metabotropic R - H1 and H2 Other - histidine derivative
Acetylcholine
Central Location - pons/midbrain Functions - consciousness, wakefulness, voluntary motion, REM sleep Ionotropic R - nicotonic (sodium) Metabotropic R - muscarinic Other - separate from ANS
GABA
Central Location - higher CNS (cerebellum, cortex, retina)
Functions - motor control, consciousness, major inhibitory NT in CNS
Ionotropic R - GABA-A
Metabotropic R - GABA-B
Other - extrasynaptic R (anesthetics)
Glycine
Central Location - spinal cord Functions - almost all inhibition Ionotropic R - glycine (Cl) Metabotropic R - none Other - none
Opioids
Central Location - hypothalamus/medulla, raphe nuclei
Functions - modulation of pain and production of pleasure
Ionotropic R - none
Metabotropic R - mu, kappa, delta
Other - endorphins, dynoprphins, enkephalins
Endocannibinoids
Central Location - multiple/Wid espread Functions - modulation of pain/Neuroprotection Ionotropic R - none Metabotropic R - CB1 and CB2 Other - anandaminde and 2-AG
synthesis of dopamine, NE, and Epi
tyr to L DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (rate limiting)
dopamine
conversion of dopamine to NE w/in vesicles
conversion of NE to Epi w/in cytoplasm
substantia nigra dopaminergic pathway
motor control
defect leads to Parkinson’s disease
mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway
core of pleasure/reward
defect leads to addiction
mesocortical dopaminergic pathway
attention and higher levels of consciousness
defect leads to schizophrenia
tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic pathway
suppression of prolactin release from ant. pituitary
Reserpine
limits the amount of monoamines packaged into vesicles and is used in treatment of hypertension
D1 and D5
Gs
voluntary motion control
D2-D4
Gi
inhibition of voluntary motion, pleasure/reward system