Superficial Face and Scalp

Question 1

close subcutaneous tissue layer

Answer 1

fatty, avascular, superficial portion
highly vascular, deep portion
scalp lacerations to this layer will bleed profusely

Question 2

aponeurotic layer

Answer 2

aponeurosis - galea aponeurotica and occipito frontalis m

inn by facial n

Question 3

loose subaponeurotic layer

Answer 3

infections in this layer spread via emissary v to the venous sinus
avulsion injuries tend to separate along this layer

Question 4

periosteum of the cranium

Answer 4

has very poor osteogenic properties and insensitive to pain

Question 5

depressed skull fractures

Answer 5

scalp hematoma

CSF leakage

Question 6

third occipital n

Answer 6

dorsal ramus of C3

skin on the medial aspect of the occiput

Question 7

greater occipital n

Answer 7

dorsal ramus of C2
skin on the posterior and lateral regions of the occiput
runs w/ occipital a

Question 8

lesser occipital n

Answer 8

ventral ramus of C2-3
skin in the parietal region behind the ear
runs w/ posterior auricular a

Question 9

auriculotemporal n

Answer 9

skin in the temporal region

runs w/ superficial temporal a.

Question 10

zygomaticotemporal n

Answer 10

skin in the ant temporal region

Question 11

supraorbital n

Answer 11

skin on the lateral aspect of the forehead and scalp

runs w/ supraorbital a

Question 12

supratrochlear n

Answer 12

skin on the medial aspect of the forehead and scalp

runs w/ supratrochlear a

Question 13

SMAS (superficial musculo-aponeurotic system)

Answer 13

fascia over the parotid gland

facial n runs through this region

Question 14

venous drainage of the scalp

Answer 14

drains directly into the dural venous sinus via the emissary veins
this is a spot that infections of the superficial scalp can get to the brain

Question 15

parotid gland relationships

Answer 15

embedded in - facial n
superior or inferior - buccal branches of VII
superficial - branches of the facial n

Question 16

facial safety zone (temporal n danger zone)

Answer 16

temporal n lies b/w lines drawn from the earlobe to lateral brow and to lateral end of the forehead crease
n exits the parotid gland and enters frontalis and lies in SMAS just below the subcutaneuous fat

Question 17

facial n functions

Answer 17

motor to mm of facial expression

sensory to taste buds on anterior 2/3 tongue

Question 18

frontalis m

Answer 18

temporal n
raising eyebrows
inability to elevate eyebrows

Question 19

orbicularis oculi m

Answer 19

temporal, zygomatic n
blinking or winking the eyelids
drooping of the lower lid, spilling of tears, corneal drying

Question 20

zygomatic major m

Answer 20

zygomatic n
smiling
inability to elevate and retract the angle of the mouth

Question 21

orbicularis oris m

Answer 21

buccal n
puckering the lips
drooling of saliva from the corner of the mouth

Question 22

platysma m.

Answer 22

cervical n
flaring of neck
flaring of ant. neck

Question 23

Bell’s or Facial Palsy

Answer 23

idiopathic, surgical, traumatic, or due to tumor of parotid gland
s/s: ectropia, epiphora, drying of cornea, inability to wink, unequal smile, drooling form corner of mouth, hyperacusis

Question 24

buccinator m

Answer 24

buccal n
pierced by parotid duct
manipulation of food in the mouth and sucking or blowing actions

Question 25

inferior labial a

Answer 25

supplies the lower lip

Question 26

superior labial a

Answer 26

supplies the upper lip

Question 27

lateral nasal a

Answer 27

supplies the lateral aspect of nose

Question 28

angular a

Answer 28

supplies the medial aspect of orbit terminal branch of facial
ANASTOMOSES w/ branch of the opthalmic artery

Question 29

opthalamic division V1

Answer 29

supplies skin of lateral and medial forehead and scalp

Question 30

maxillary division V2

Answer 30

supplies skin of antero-superior cheek region and malar prominence

Question 31

mandibular division V3

Answer 31

supplies skin of temporal region, inner and outer cheek, and chin