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Nero Exam #1 > Intro to the NS > Flashcards

Intro to the NS Flashcards

1
Q

contralateral

A

sensory or motor deficits occurring on the oppo side of the causative lesion

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2
Q

ipsilateral

A

sensory or motor deficits occurring on the same side as the causative lesion

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3
Q

somatotopic

A

sensory or motor pathways convey their fibers in a highly organized laminated fashion as they ascend or descend to specific regions of the cortex or body

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4
Q

homunculus

A

cartoon representation of the exaggerated proportions of the cortical map

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5
Q

funiculus

A

general term for a large cord-like bundle of n fibers

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6
Q

fasciculus

A

general term referring to a bundle of n fibers which belong to a particular system in the CNS

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7
Q

tract

A

specifically defined as a fasciculus comprised of n fibers that have a common origin termination and function

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8
Q

lemniscus

A

crossed secondary n fibers in a conscious sensory pathway

lesion leads to contra lateral deficit

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9
Q

falx herniation

A

falx partially separates the cerebral hemispheres
unilateral space occupying lesions leads to herniation across the midline beneath the free edge of the falx
singular event may not present clinical deficits associated w/ herniation

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10
Q

epiderual hematoma

A

rupture of the middle menigeal a
blood b/w endocranium and dura mater
clinically: initial unconsciousness followed by rapid recovery
after a few hours displacement of the brain tissue

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11
Q

tentorial or uncal herniation

A

herniation through the tentorial notch

compression of the brainstem

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12
Q

subdural hematoma

A

rupture of the cerebral v to rupture as they cross the subdural space
signs and symptoms of epidural hematomas, may be delayed a few weeks

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13
Q

trauma to the midbrain

A

sharp edge of the incisura to lacerate or contuse the brainstem
damage to the midbrain reticular formation will cause damage to consciousness

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14
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

superior sagittal sinus - R transverse sinus

straight sinus - left transverse sinus

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15
Q

thrombosis of the posterior portion of the superior venous sinus or R transverse sinus

A

cortical ischemia and/or necrosis

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16
Q

thrombosis of the posterior portion of the straigh venous sinus or left transverse venous sinus

A

ischemia and or necrosis of structures in the deep cerebrum

usually fatal

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17
Q

pailledema

A

increased intracranial pressure applies pressure to sm v on the optic n decreasing venous drainage leading to edema of the retina and swelling of the optic disc

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18
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

all major BV run in subarachnoid space
rupture of one vessels leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage
indicated by erythrocytes in the CSF

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19
Q

layers moving down from skull

A 
dura mater 
subdural space 
arachnoid membrane 
subarachnoid space 
pia mater
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20
Q

CSF production and flow

A

choroid plexus in each ventricle drains towards the 4th ventricle and into the subarachnoid space at or above the level of the foramen magnum
most CSF s absorbed in the subarachnoid space at the level of the superior sagittal venous sinus

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21
Q

lateral ventricle

A

core of each cerebrum

most frequently enlarges in hydrocephaly

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22
Q

interventricular foramen of monroe

A

connects lateral ventricle to the third ventricle

23
Q

third ventricle

A

continuous w/ two lateral ventricles

24
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

third ventricle

boundary b/w tectum and midbrain tegmentum

25
Q

fourth ventricle

A

continuous w/ cerebral aqueduct

26
Q

external hydrocephalus

A

excessive accumulation of CSF in the subarachnoid space w/ concomitant enlargement of the space by compression of CNS

27
Q

supratentorial external hydrocephalus

A

most commonly associated w/ senile atrophy of the cortex

ex AD

28
Q

infratentorial external hydrocephalus

A

seen in combination w/communicating hydrocephalus

29
Q

internal hydrocephalus (noncommunicating)

A

does not drain into the subarachnoid space
due to obstruction of the interventricular foramen, choroid plexus, cerebral aqueduct, and medial and lateral foramina
results in dilation of the ventricles proximal to the obstruction

30
Q

communicating hydrocephalus

A

combination of infratentorial external and internal hydrocephalus
obstruction of subarachnoid space at tentorial notch
CSF can move into infratentorial subarachnoid space but not over the cerebrum to be resorbed at the arachnoid villi
result is hypertrophy of the ventricles and accumulation of CSF in the infratentorial subarachnoid space
shunt in cisterna magna to drain

31
Q

watershed infarction

A

distal areas of cerebral arterial circulation are hypoperfused

32
Q

ischemic penumbra

A

following focal ischemia the tissue surrounding the core ischemic territory is too ischemic to function

33
Q

auto regulation dysfunction and edema

A

due to ischemic tissue acidosis and resultant luxury perfusion of adjacent normal tissue

34
Q

electrical failure

A

tissue is viable but cessation of brain electrical activity including attenuation of EEG and absence of cerebral evoked potentials

35
Q

ionic failure

A

irreversible tissue damage due to hypoperfusion

36
Q

circle of willis

A 
anterior cerebral a
anterior communicating a 
middle cerebral a
ant choroidal a 
posterior communicating a 
posterior cerebral a
37
Q

parkinsons and ant choroidal a

A

ligation will lead to decreased tremors on the opposite side

38
Q

recurrent a of heubner

A

supplies the internal capsule and the corpus striatum

39
Q

anterior cerebral a (ACA) cortical area

A

paracentral lobule

40
Q

paracentral lobule

A

occlusion of the ACA or superior sagittal sinus may result in sensory and or motor deficits in the CONTRALATERAL leg and foot

41
Q

middle cerebral a (MCA) cortical area

A

primary motor cs, premotor cx, broca’s speech area, primary somesthtic cx, primary auditory cx, wernicke’s area

42
Q

posterior cerebral a (PCA) cortical area

A

primary visual cx

43
Q

Anterior spinal a (ASpA) penetrating branches

A

central portion of cord

44
Q

Posterior spinal a (PSpA) penetrating branches

A

posterior 1/3 or cord

45
Q

expressive or broca’s aphasia

A

motor language disorder characterized by cryptic telegraphic speech w/ a frustrating problem in initiation of speech motor patterns
automatic profane speech patterns may persist

46
Q

wernicke’s aphasia

A

receptive language disorder
pts are quite fluent but lack content or meaning in their spoken and written comprehension of language
language pattern tends to circumlocute w/ numerous inappropriate word choices and neologisms

47
Q

central cord syndrome

A

disruption of BF to the anterior spinal a
ischemia of the central region of the spinal cord
central necrosis and cavitation of the spinal cord and the development of a syrix

48
Q

lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome

A

displacement of the PICA on angiograms of the post cranial fossa may indicate the presence of a space occupying mass such as a tumor
thrombosis of PICA

49
Q

internal cerebral v

A

receives - thalamostriate and ant septal v

drains - great v of galen

50
Q

basal v of rosenthal

A

receives - middle deep cerebral and anterior cerebral v

drains - great v of galen

51
Q

great v of galen

A

receives - internal cerebral and basal v

drains into the straight sinus

52
Q

L straight sinus

A

drains core, more dangerous to block

53
Q

R straight sinus

A

drains cortical region

Nero Exam #1 (14 decks)

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