Superficial Face and Scalp Flashcards
What are the layers of the scalp from superficial to deep?
Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, and pericranium
What is found in the skin of the scalp?
Abundant arterial supply, glands
What is found in the connective tissue of the scalp?
Thick, dense, richly vascularized subcutaneous layer, nerves
What is found in the aponeurosis of the scalp?
Broad, strong, tendinous sheet, attachment for muscles
What is found in the loose connective tissue of the scalp?
Sponge-like layer, potential space
What is found in the pericranium of the scalp?
Dense layer of connective tissue that forms the external periosteum of the neurocranium
What are the muscles of facial expression? What nerve innervates these muscles?
Frontalis, orbicularis oculi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major/minor, risorius, orbicularis oris, platysma, and buccinator
Innervated by CN VII (facial)
What are the muscles of mastication? What nerve innervates these muscles?
Temporalis, masseter, medial/lateral pterygoid
Innervated by CN V (trigeminal)
What are the branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical branches of the facial nerve
NOT to be confused with the buccal nerve or mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
The facial nerve gives sensory innervation to what?
Anterior 2/3s of the tongue via chorda tympani
The facial nerve gives parasympathetic fibers to what?
Lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual salivary glands; production of tears
What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
Cutaneous sensation to the face via opthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) branches; also motor innervation to muscles of mastication via V3
What are the blood vessels of the face and scalp?
Facial artery/vein, superficial temporal, transverse facial artery/vein, supraorbital artery/vein, and supratrochlear artery/vein
What lymph nodes make up the superficial ring (pericervical collar)?
Submental (lower lip, chin, floor of mouth, tip of tongue), submandibular (gingiva, teeth, lateral lower lip and the upper lip), parotid (anterior ear and upper half of face and scalp), mastoid (posterolateral aspect of scalp), and occipital (posterior scalp and neck)
What lymph nodes make up the deep cervical lymphatics?
Jugulo-digastric and jugulo-omohyoid
A 28 year old woman at 19 weeks of pregnancy complains of acute onset of numbness of the right cheek and drooping of the right face that occurred over 1 hour. She denied head trauma. On examination, the patient has difficulty closing her right eyelid, and her right nasolabial fold is smoother than on the left. She is drooling from the right side of her mouth.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is the anatomical mechanism for this condition?
Diagnosis:
Anatomical mechanism:
A 35 year old woman complains of spasms of ecruciating pain of the right cheek and chin. These pain episodes last for a few seconds and are intense. She had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis 2 years previously. Her physician says that her problem is related to the nerve that innervates the skin of the cheek area.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is the anatomical explanation for this condition?
Diagnosis:
Anatomical explanation:
What lymph nodes drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes?
Submental, submandibular, and parotid
What lymph nodes drain to the superficial cervical lymph nodes?
Mastoid and occipital
Eventually, all lymphatic drainage will end up where?
Deep cervical lymph nodes
