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Neuro Exam 1 - JLJ > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A 
I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal
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2
Q

What are the divisions of CN V?

A

V1 - Opthalmic division of trigeminal
V2 - Maxillary division of trigeminal
V3 - Mandibular division of trigeminal

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3
Q

What foramen does CN I pass through?

A

Cribiriform plate

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4
Q

What foramen does CN II pass through?

A

Optic canal

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5
Q

What foramen do CNs III, IV, V1, and VI pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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6
Q

What foramen does CN V2 pass through?

A

Foramen rotundum

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7
Q

What foramen does CN V3 pass through?

A

Foramen ovale

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8
Q

What foramen do CNs VII and VIII pass through?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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9
Q

What foramen do CNs IX, X, and XI pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

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10
Q

What foramen does CN XII pass through?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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11
Q

What CNs are part of the somatic motor modality?

A

III, IV, VI, and XII

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12
Q

What CNs are part of the branchial motor modality?

A

V, VII, IX, X, and XI

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13
Q

What CNs are part of the visceral motor (parasympathetic) modality?

A

III, VII, IX, and X

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14
Q

What CNs are part of the visceral sensory modality?

A

IX and X

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15
Q

What CNs are part of the general sensory modality?

A

V, VII, IX, and X

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16
Q

What CNs are part of the special sensory modality?

A

I, II, VII, VIII, and IX

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17
Q

What nuclei are part of the somatic motor modality?

A

Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and hypoglossal

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18
Q

What nuclei are part of the branchial motor modality?

A

Masticator, facial, ambiguous, and accessory

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19
Q

What nuclei is part of the visceral motor (parasympathetic) modality?

A

Edinger-Westphal, superior salivatory, inferior salivatory, and dorsal vagus

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20
Q

What nucleus is part of the visceral sensory modality?

A

Solitarius

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21
Q

What nucleus is part of the general sensory modality?

A

Trigeminal

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22
Q

What nuclei are part of the special sensory modality?

A

Mitral cells of olfactory bulb, ganglion cells of retina, gustatory, vestibular, and cochlear

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23
Q

What does CN III innervate?

A

All extraocular eye muscles except superior, oblique, and lateral rectus; ciliary muscle and constrictor pupillae

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24
Q

What does CN IV innervate?

A

Superior oblique

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25
Q

What does CN VI innervate?

A

Lateral rectus

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26
Q

What does CN XII innervate?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except palatoglossus

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27
Q

What What does CN V innervate?

A

Muscles of mastication

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28
Q

What does CN VII innervate?

A

Muscles of facial expression, all glands of the head except integumentary and parotid, and taste

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29
Q

What does CN IX innervate?

A

Muscles of pharynx and larynx, parotid gland, visceral afferent information necessary for visceral reflexes, nausea, but not pain in viscera; also taste

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30
Q

What does CN X innervate?

A

Muscles of pharynx and larynx, all thoracic viscera and abdominal viscera to the splenic flexure, and visceral afferent information necessary for visceral reflexes, nausea, but not pain in viscera

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31
Q

What does CN XI innervate?

A

Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

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32
Q

What does CN I function in?

A

Smell

33
Q

What does CN II function in?

A

Vision

34
Q

What does CN VII and IX function in?

A

Taste

35
Q

What does CN VIII function in?

A

Balance and hearing

36
Q

What nerve is derived from the 1st (mandibular) pharyngeal arch?

A

CN V

37
Q

What nerve is derived from the 2nd (hyoid) pharyngeal arch?

A

CN VII

38
Q

What nerve is derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

CN IX

39
Q

What nerves are derived from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

A

CN X; superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch

40
Q

What muscles are derived from the 1st (mandibular) pharyngeal arch?

A

Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympanic, and tensor veli palatine

41
Q

What muscles are derived from the 2nd (hyoid) pharyngeal arch?

A

Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric

42
Q

What muscles are derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus

43
Q

What muscles are derived from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

A

Cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, constrictors of pharynx, intrinsic muscles of larynx, and striated muscles of esophagus

44
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the 1st (mandibular) pharyngeal arch?

A

Malleus and incus

45
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the 2nd (hyoid) pharyngeal arch?

A

Stapes, styloid process, lesser Cornu of hyoid, and upper part of body of hyoid bone

46
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Greater cornu of hyoid and lower part of body of hyoid bone

47
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

A

Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, and cuneiform cartilage

48
Q

What ligaments are derived from the 1st (mandibular) pharyngeal arch?

A

Anterior ligament of malleus and sphenomandibular ligament

49
Q

What ligament is derived from the 2nd (hyoid) pharyngeal arch?

A

Stylohyoid ligament

50
Q

Which CNs carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

A

III, VII, IX, and X

51
Q

What condition is caused by damage to CN I?

A

Anosmia (partial or total loss of smell)

52
Q

What condition is caused by damage to CN II?

A

Anopsia (visual defects)

53
Q

What condition is caused by damage to CN III?

A

Ptosis (upper eyelid droop), paralysis of eye muscles, leading to strabismus (eyes not in parallel/deviated improperly), diplopia (double vision), and focusing difficulty

54
Q

What conditions are caused by damage to CN IV?

A

Paralysis of superior oblique, leading to strabismus (eyes not in parallel/deviated improperly), diplopia (double vision)

55
Q

What conditions are caused by damage to CN VI?

A

Paralysis of lateral rectus limits lateral movement of the eye; diplopia (double vision)

56
Q

A patient presents with their right eye downward and outward gazing, a dilated pupil, and ptosis. What is this called and what nerve is damaged?

A

Right oculomotor nerve palsy (CN III)

57
Q

A patient presents to the clinic for an eye exam. When you ask the patient to look to their left, their right eye looks normal, but their left eye does not abduct. What is this called and what nerve is damaged?

A

Left abducent nerve palsy (CN VI)

58
Q

A patient presents with intense, pulsating pain in the face that lasts between several minutes to a few hours. What is this called and what nerve is damaged?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia, which is caused by inflammation of the sensory components of the trigeminal nerve

59
Q

What conditions are caused by damage to CN VII?

A

Decreased tearing (dry eye) and decreased salivation (dry mouth)

60
Q

A patient presents C/O loss of sensation to anterior 2/3s of their tongue. You notice some paralyzed facial muscles, droopy eyelids, and sagging at the corner of the mouth. What is this called and what nerve is damaged?

A

Facial nerve palsy (Bell palsy) (CN VII)

61
Q

A patient with loss of balance, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness could be caused by damaged to what nerve?

A

Lesions of vestibular branch of CN VIII

62
Q

A patient presenting with deafness or a loss of hearing could be caused by damage to what nerve?

A

Lesions to cochlear branch of CN VIII

63
Q

What conditions are caused by damage to CN IX?

A

Reduced salivary secretion (dry mouth), loss of taste sensations to posterior 1/3 of tongue

64
Q

What conditions are caused by damage to CN X?

A

Hoarseness, monotone or complete loss of voice as a result of paralysis of this nerve; lesions can cause difficulty in swallowing or impaired gastrointestinal system mobility

65
Q

What conditions are caused by damage to CN XI?

A

Paralysis of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid, resulting in difficulty in elevating shoulder or turning the head to the opposite side

66
Q

What conditions are caused by damage to CN XII?

A

Swallowing and speech difficulties due to impaired tongue movement

67
Q

If a patient presents with a protruded tongue deviating to the left side, what nerve is damaged?

A

Left CN XII lesion

68
Q

Which CNs have parasympathetic (autonomic) function?

A

III, VII, IX, and X

69
Q

What is the parasympathetic motor function of CN III?

A

Constricts pupil and contracts ciliary muscles to make lens of the eye more puffy for near vision

70
Q

What is the parasympathetic motor function of CN VII?

A

Increases secretion of lacrimal gland of the eye, submandibular gland, and sublingual salivary gland

71
Q

What is the parasympathetic motor function of CN IX?

A

Increases secretion of parotid salivary gland

72
Q

What is the parasympathetic motor function of CN X?

A

Innervates smooth muscle and glands of heart, lungs, larynx, trachea, and most abdominal organs

73
Q

What general motions of the eye is the oculomotor responsible for?

A

Movement up and/or in

74
Q

What general motions of the eye is the trochlear nerve responsible for?

A

Downward

75
Q

What general motions of the eye is the abducens nerve responsible for?

A

Outward

76
Q

What are the major branches off CN V1?

A

Lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary, and meningeal branch

77
Q

What are the major branches off CN V2?

A

Zygomatic, infraorbital, superior alveolar, palatine, and meningeal

78
Q

What are the major branches off CN V3?

A

Buccal, lingual, inferior alveolar, auriculotemporal, meningeal, medial/lateral pterygoid, masseteric, deep temporal, and mylohyoid

Neuro Exam 1 - JLJ (17 decks)

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