Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Where do parasympathetic fibers exit from the CNS?
Cranial and sacral regions
Where do sympathetic fibers exit from the CNS?
Thoracic and lumbar regions
Where are parasympathetic ganglion located?
On/near the target organ
Where are sympathetic ganglion located?
Sympathetic chain
Is the length of pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers short or long?
Long (must travel to ganglion on the target organ)
Is the length of pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers short or long?
Short (must travel to sympathetic chain, just outside the spine)
Is the length of post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers short or long?
Long
Is the length of post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers long or short?
Short
Draw and explain a reflex arc
No, really, do it!
Sensory information is relayed from the periphery to the central nervous system via the ____________ neuron.
Afferent
For many motor reflexes, the neuronal circuit creating it is found within the ________ ________.
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The _________ neuron (usually an alpha-motor neuron) relays the signal to the ___________ muscle.
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In autonomic (visceral) reflexes, processing of the inputs occurs in the ________ especially the __________.
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The autonomic nervous system takes the place of the alpha-______________.
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Draw out and explain an autonomic reflex arc
No, really, do it!
What neurotransmitter is released at synapse #1 of parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglion?
Acetylcholine
What receptor is present on the post-ganglionic cell in both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems?
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors
What neurotransmitter is released on the target tissue in the parasympathetic system?
Acetylcholine
What receptor is present on the target tissue cell in the parasympathetic system?
Muscarinic cholinergic receptor
Describe type 1 muscarinic receptors
Found in CNS (not autonomic, play a role in memory); found in salivary glands to increase secretion; found in acid secreting cells of the stomach to increase secretion
Describe type 2 muscarinic receptors
Cardiac to slow heart rate
Describe type 3 muscarinic receptor
Found in smooth muscle cells for contraction and exocrine glands for secretion
Describe type 4 and 5 muscarinic receptors
4: role is uncertain
5: found in CNS, role is uncertain
What effect must type 2 muscarinic receptors have on K+ channels in order to slow the heart rate?
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Describe alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
Lead to increased Ca2+ intracellularly; located on smooth muscle of blood vessels (constriction), urinary and reproductive tracts, liver, adipose, lacrimal glands, and radial muscle of iris (dilates pupil)
Describe alpha-2 adrenergic receptors
Leads to decreased adenylate cyclase/cAMP; located on GI sphincters, pancreas (increase glucagon and decrease insulin), smooth muscle of blood vessels (dilation), and platelets
Describe beta-1 adrenergic receptors
Lead to increased adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production; located on cardiac tissue, specifically the SA node to increase heart rate and ventricular muscle to increase the strength of a contraction; also salivary glands and adipose tissue
Describe beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Lead to increased adenylate cyclase and cAMP production; located on bronchiole smooth muscle, GI urinary, vascular, and reproductive smooth muscle, and the liver
Describe beta-3 adrenergic receptors
Lead to increased adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production; located on white adipose tissue (lipolysis) and brown adipose tissue (heat production)
What neurotransmitter is released on the target tissue in the sympathetic system?
Norepinephrine
What receptor is present on the target tissue cell in the sympathetic system?
Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
What cells in the adrenal medulla make and release epinephrine as part of the sympathetic response?
Chromaffin cells
What receptors must be activated to release epinephrine into the blood?
Muscarinic receptors
Pre-ganglionic axons leave the spinal cord and pass through the ganglion without ______ and synapse on _________ cells of the adrenal medulla.
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The pre-ganglionic axon releases _______, which binds to ______ receptors on the adrenal cells.
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Describe the parasympathetic response
“Rest and Digest”
Plenty of oxygen, slow heart beat, relatively low BP, digesting food so intestine gets the blood, and get fuel from GI tract
Describe the sympathetic response
“Fight or Flight”
Need lots of oxygen so get oxygen through muscle, hear pumping hard and fast, not worried about digesting; need fuel to run
