Superficial/ Deep Face Flashcards
Neurocranium
parietal temporal frontal occipital sphenoid ethmoid
Viscerocranium
mandible maxilla palatine zygomatic lacrimal vomer nasal inferior nasal concha
Branches of facial nerve (CVII)
temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical
Bell’s Palsy
Approximately half the face does not “function” – “mask like” appearance
Most common part of nerve affected is near the stylomastoid foramen
Patient is unable to close lips & eyelids on the affect side
Eye on the affected side is unlubricated
Cannot whistle or blow
Cannot chew effectively
Since the buccinator muscle is paralyzed/weak food and saliva dribble out of the mouth
Parotid gland
secretes serous fluid via Stenson’s duct, which pierces the buccinator muscle, and enters the oral cavity adjacent to the upper 2nd molar.
Important anastomose of the face
External Carotid Artery system anastomoses with the Internal Carotid Artery system. The angular artery meets up with the external branches of the ophthalmic artery.
“danger triangle”
the facial vein is the main drainage system of the face, drains into plexus which has no valves allowing blood to move around… if an infection occurs in the upper face, the bacteria can potentially migrate into the cranium
Layers of the scalp
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Pericranium
Bones of the temporal fossa
Parietal
temporal
sphenoid
frontal
Pterion
Junction between parietal, temporal, sphenoid and frontal bones
middle meaningless artery (supplies the meninges and the skull) runs deep to preteen and is vulnerable to injury; rupture of this artery can lead to life threatening hematoma
Temporalis muscle
Originates from a broad attachment: Superficial fibers - inferior temporal line & floor of the temporal fossa; Deep fibers - infratemporal crest.
Inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible & small part of the anterior ramus of the mandible.
Innervated by the deep temporal brs (anterior & posterior) from the Mandibular Nerve (V3).
Functions to close (elevate) the jaw; posterior fibers (somewhat horizontal in orientation) assist with retraction.
Masseter
Originates from superficial fibers - inferior border of zygomatic arch; deep fibers - medial surface of the zygomatic arch (essentially Masseter is in the inferior part of the temporal fossa due to this attachment).
Insertion: superficial fibers – onto the angle of mandible & part of ramus; deep fibers – onto the lateral aspect of coronoid process of the mandible.
Innervated by the nerve to the masseter (V3) - muscular branch that passes through mandibular notch along w/the blood supply (these are sacrificed in lab to gain access to the infratemporal fossa)
Functions to elevate the mandible (close the jaw) and protract the mandible (pull jaw slightly forward); deep fibers may aid in retraction of the jaw.
Infratemporal fossa
Superomedially: (roof) greater wing of sphenoid and the temporal bone (contains foramen ovale, foramen spinosum and petrotympanic fissure)
Anterior wall: posterior surface of the maxilla and pyramidal process of the palatine bone (contains alveolar foramen, infraorbital fissure)
Lateral wall: ramus of mandible (contains mandibular canal opening)
Medial wall:anteriorly by the lateral plate of the pterygoid process; posteriorly by the pharynx and two small muscles of the soft palate (contains pterygomaxillary figure)
Bony landmarks of the infra temporal fossa
Articular tubercle of the temporal bone: anterior limit of the TMJ.
Mandibular Fossa of the temporal bone: receives head of the mandible to create the TMJ.
Postglenoid tubercle of the temporal bone: posterior limit of the TMJ.
Condyloid process of the mandible: with its neck and head.
Ramus and Angle of the mandible.
Coronoid process and mandibular notch.
Maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of the palatine bone.
Pterygomaxillary fissure: medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa. This fissure is continuous with the inferior orbital fissure superiorly, and the pterygopalatine fossa medially.
Foramen ovale (V3 & acc. meningeal a.) and Foramen spinosum (middle meningeal a. & recurrent meningeal n.).
Spine of the sphenoid bone: gives the foramen spinosum its name.
inferior alveolar nerve
before entering the mandibular foramen, the inferior alveolar nerve gives off a nerve known as the nerve to the mylohyoid. The nerve to the mylohyoid runs anteriorly & inferiorly to supply motor innervation to the anterior belly of the digastric & mylohyoid muscles.
