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Anatomy Exam II > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Cricothyroid

A

External laryngeal nerve (X)

F: stretches and tenses vocal ligament

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2
Q

Thyro-artenoid

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve, X)

F: relaxes vocal ligament

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3
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve, X)

F: Abducts vocal folds

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4
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve)

F: Adduct vocal folds

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5
Q

Transverse and oblique arytenoids

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve, X)

F: Adduct arytenoid cartilages

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6
Q

Volcalis

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve)

F: relaxes posterior vocal ligament while maintaining tension of anterior part

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7
Q

Sterncleidomastoid

A

O: Sternal head: sternum; Clavicular head: clavicle
I: mastoid process
N: XI
F: Tilts head to side; laterally flexes neck and rotates head toward opposite side

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8
Q

Platysma

A

CN VII

functions to depress mandible and tense skin over neck (shaving).

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9
Q

Mylohyoid

A

0: mandible
I: hyoid bone
N: Nerve to the mylohyoid (V3)
F: Raises floor of oral cavity, draws hyoid forward

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10
Q

Digastric

A

0: mastoid process
I: mandible
N: posterior- facial (VII); anterior- nerve to mylohyoid (V3)
F: Stabilizes, raises, anterior movement (anterior belly), and posterior movement (posterior belly) of the hyoid bone.

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11
Q

Geniohyoid

A

0: Genial tubercle of mandible
I: Hyoid bone (deep to mylohyoid)
N: C1 (runs with hypoglossal XII)
F: Raises hyoid bone.

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12
Q

Stylohyoid

A

0: Styloid process
I: Hyoid bone
N: VII (facial nerve)
F: Moves hyoid posterosuperiorly.

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13
Q

Sternohyoid

A

0: Sternum
I: Hyoid bone
N: Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
F: Lowers hyoid bone or stabilizes hyoid during vocalization and depression of the mandible.

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14
Q

Sternothyroid

A

0: Manubrium (posterior to sternohyoid)
I: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage.
N: Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
F: Lowers thyroid cartilage or stabilizes same during vocalization and depression of the mandible.

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15
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

0: Thyroid
I: Hyoid bone
N: C1
F: Lowers hyoid bone or raises thyroid cartilage or stabilizes both structures during vocalization

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16
Q

Omohyoid

A

0: Superior border of scapula (near scapular notch)
I: Hyoid bone (junction of body and greater horn)
N: Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
F: Superior belly lowers hyoid bone or may stabilize hyoid from below

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17
Q

Longus Coli

A

O: Anterior tubercle of C1, bodies of C1-C3, and the Tps of C3-C6
I: Bodies of C5-T3 & Tps of C3-C5
N: Anterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C6
F: Flexes neck (bilateral action) Flexes and rotates to opposite side (unilateral action)

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18
Q

Longus Capitis

A

O: Basilar part of occipital bone
I: Anterior tubercles of the TPs of C3-C6
N: Anterior Rami of C1-C3 Spinal nerves
F: Flex the head on the vertebral column

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19
Q

Rectus capitis anterior

A

O: Base of skull just anterior to the occipital condyle
I: Anterior surface of the lateral mass of C1
N: Branches from C1 & C2 spinal nerves
F: Flex head relative to spinal column

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20
Q

Rectus capitus lateralis

A

O: Jugular process of occipital bone
I: Transverse process of Atlas
N: Branches from C1 & C2
F: Flexes head relative to the vertebral column

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21
Q

Buccinator

A

CVII- motor
CV- sensory

functions to press the cheek against molars; resists distension (when blowing), and keeps the cheek taut (smiling).
Deeper plane than other muscles of facial expression.

22
Q

Zygomatic major

A

CVII

functions to draw the corner of the mouth superiorlaterally (smile).

23
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

Innervation is via the nerve to the lateral pterygoid (branch of mandibular V3).
Functions primarily to open the jaw and protrude the jaw via the inferior head; superior head acts on the articular disc. Works also to “grind” food.

24
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

Innervated by the medial pterygoid n. (branch of mandibular V3).
Functions to elevate and protrude the mandible. Works also to “grind” food.

25
Q

Origin of the recti muscles (eye)

A

anulus tendineus

26
Q

Superior rectus

A

inserts upon the superior aspect of the sclera (outer white layer of the eye) and moves the eye superiorly and medially; Oculomotor n. (III)

27
Q

Medial rectus

A

inserts onto the medial aspect of the eye and moves it in the same direction (adduction); Oculomotor n. (III).

28
Q

Lateral rectus

A

inserts onto the lateral aspect of the eye and moves it laterally (abduction); Abducent n. (VI)

29
Q

Inferior rectus

A

inserts onto the sclera of the inferior aspect of the eye. This muscle moves the eye inferiorly as well as medially; Oculomotor n. (III).

30
Q

Superior oblique

A

O: body of the sphenoid, passes anteriorly through the superomedial aspect of the orbit, hooks around a connective tissue pulley called the trochlea, continues posterolaterally inferior to the superior rectus m.
I: posterolateral aspect of the superior part of the eye.
F: moves the eye inferiorly and laterally
N: Trochlear n. (IV)

31
Q

Inferior oblique

A

O: anteromedial aspect of the orbit on the maxilla bone and runs laterally and somewhat posteriorly underneath (inferior to) the inferior rectus m.
I: posterolateral aspect of the inferior part of the eye
F: move the eye superiorly and laterally
N: Oculomotor n. (III)

32
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

F: elevates the upper eyelid
N: Oculomotor n. (III)

33
Q

Superior constrictor

A

O: pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible, and side of tongue.
I: median raphe of pharynx and pharyngeal tubercle.
N: 10

34
Q

Middle constrictor

A

O: stylohyoid ligament and greater and lesser horns of hyoid bone.
I: median raphe of pharynx.
N: 10

35
Q

Inferior constrictor

A

O: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and side of cricoid cartilage.
I: median raphe of pharynx.
N: 10

36
Q

Buccinator

A

F: aids mastication, tenses cheeks in blowing and whistling, aids closure of mouth
N: buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)

37
Q

Tensor veli palatini

A

O:Scaphoid fossa and medial aspect of spine of sphenoid bone
I: Palatine aponeurosis (via pulley of pterygoid hamulus)
F: Tenses soft palate prior to elevation
N: Nerve to medial pterygoid (main trunk of mandibular nerve (V3)

38
Q

Levator veli palatini

A

O: Apex of inferior surface of petrous temporal bone and medial rim of auditory tube
I: Palatine aponeurosis
F: Elevates, retracts and lateral deviates soft palate. May open auditory tube on swallowing
N: Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve

39
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

O: medial aspect of styloid process
I: posterolateral border of thyroid cartilage
F: elevates larynx and pharynx, aids in swallowing
N: muscular branch of glossopharyngeal (IX)

40
Q

External intercostal

A

O: Lower border of ribs
I: Upper border of rib below rib of origin
N: Intercostal nerves
F: Supports intercostal spaces in inspiration and expiration, elevates ribs in inspiration

41
Q

Internal intercostal

A

O: Lower border of ribs
I: Costal cartilage and edge of costal groove of rib above rib of origin
N: Intercostal nerves
F: Prevents pushing out or drawing in of intercostal spaces in inspiration and expiration, lowers ribs in forced expiration

42
Q

Innermost intercostal

A

O: Lower border of ribs
I: Upper border of rib below rib of origin
N: Intercostal nerves
F: Elevates ribs

43
Q

Transversus thoracis

A

O: Internal surface of costal cartilages 2–6
I: Posterior surface of lower sternum
N: Intercostal nerves
F: Depresses ribs and costal cartilages

44
Q

Diaphragm

A

O: Xiphoid process, lower six costal cartilages, L1–L3 vertebrae
I: Converge into central tendon
N: Phrenic nerve
F: Draws central tendon down and forward during inspiration

45
Q

Musculus uvulae

A

doesn’t leave the soft palate, just hangs off the back and touches your tongue

CNX

46
Q

Palatopharyngeus:

A

0: Palatine aponeurosis (posterior edge of hard palate)
I: Posterior aspect of thyroid cartilage, esophagus, lateral wall of pharynx
F: Raises pharynx during swallowing (pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly and somewhat medially) and tenses soft palate.
N: Pharyngeal plexus by way of the vagus nerve

47
Q

Palatoglossus:

A

0: Palatine aponeurosis and posterior aspect of hard palate
I: Lateral aspect of tongue
F: Raises tongue to close off oral cavity from oropharynx during swallowing and depresses the soft palate.
N: Pharyngeal plexus by way of the vagus nerve.

48
Q

Levator veli palatini:

A

0: Bony portion of auditory tube (base of skull at union of petrous part of the temporal bone and the sphenoid bone).
I: Palatine aponeurosis (midline connective tissue of soft palate)
F: Elevates palate - prime mover of palate.
N: Pharyngeal plexus by way of the vagus nerve
Note: The palate elevates during swallowing to close off the oral cavity from the nasopharynx, thus preventing food from entering the nasopharynx. The palate also elevates during speech.

49
Q

Tensor veli palatini:

A

0: Scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone (also spine of the sphenoid and the cartilage of the auditory tube).
I: Palatine aponeurosis
F: Tenses palate and opens auditory tube
N: Mandibular branch of Trigeminal nerve - V3
Note: The tensor veli palatini runs inferiorly between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates, passes medially by looping around the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and then inserts into the palatine aponeurosis.

50
Q

Genioglossus:

0: Body and greater horn of the hyoid bone
I: Inferior and lateral aspects of the tongue
F: Depresses and retracts tongue
N: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Note: This flat, quadrangular muscle serves as an important landmark for the hypoglossal and lingual nerves which run lateral to it, and the lingual artery which runs medial to it.

A

0: Genial tubercle (mental spine) of the mandible
I: Within tongue (entire dorsum of the tongue)
F: Anterior fibers - depress tongue; Posterior fibers - protrude tongue; Unilateral contraction causes tongue to deviate (“wag”) contralaterally.
N: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Note: This is a very large, fan-shaped muscle.

51
Q

Styloglossus:

A

0: Anterior aspect of styloid process (stylohyoid ligament)
I: Lateral aspect of tongue
F: Moves tongue superiorly and posteriorly
N: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Note: does the furthest most movement of swallowing

52
Q

Palatoglossus:

A

0: Palatine aponeurosis and posterior aspect of hard palate
I: Lateral aspect of tongue (blends with intrinsic transverse muscles)
F: Raises tongue to close off oral cavity from oropharynx during swallowing and depresses the soft palate (constrict isthmus of fauces).
N: Pharyngeal plexus by way of the vagus nerve.

Anatomy Exam II (13 decks)

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