Superficial back and posterior aspect of shoulder and arm. Flashcards
Name the superficial back muscles (5 muscles).
Trapezius muscle, Latissimus dorsi muscle, Rhomboid major muscle, Rhomboid minor muscle, Levator scapula muscle
Trapezius Muscle
What’s the origin of the trapezius muscle?
superior nuchal line, ext. occipital protuberence, nuchal ligament & spinous process of cervical & thoracic vertebrae
What’s the insertion of the trapezius muscle?
superior fibers: clavicle
middle fibers: acromion
inferior fibers: spine of scapula
Nuchal ligament
What’s the function of the superior part of the trapezius muscle?
pulls the shoulder upwards & towards the midline, if the shoulder is fixed pulls the head towards the shoulder
What’s the function of the middle part of the trapezius muscle?
scapula moves towards the midline, insert to acromion
What’s the function of the inferior part of the trapezius muscle?
scapula is pulled down, hence rotates the glenoid cavity upwards (hyper abduction)
What is hyperabduction?
Abduction more than 90 degree
What nerve passes through the trapezius muscle?
Accessory nerve
Latissimus dorsi muscle
What’s the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
spinous process of lower 6 thoracic vert., lumbar vert., dorsal surface of sacrum, iliac crest & thoracolumbar fascia (white structure)
What’s the insertion of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Bicipital groove/ Intertubercular groove
What’s the nerve passing the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Thoracodorsal nerve
What’s the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
extension, adduction & medial rotation of bicep.
Also pulls the trunk upwards
Latissimus dorsi muscle
Levator scapula muscle
What’s the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
transverse proc. of upper 4 cervical vert.
What’s the insertion of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
superior angle, medial border of scapula
What’s the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
elevates the superior angle of scapula, lateral border looks downwards
What nerve passes through the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Dorsal scapula nerve
Top muscle
Rhomboid minor muscle
What’s the origin of the rhomboid minor muscle?
spinous proc. of C7-T1
What’s the insertion of the rhomboid minor muscle?
medial border of scapula
What’s the function of the rhomboid minor muscle?
moves the scapula to the mid-line, lateral border turns downwards
What’s the nerve passing the rhomboid minor muscle?
Dorsal scapular nerve
What’s the origin of the rhomboid major muscle?
spinous proc. of T2-T5
What’s the insertion of the rhomboid major muscle?
medial border of scapula
What’s the function of the rhomboid major muscle?
moves the scapula to the mid-line, lateral border turns downwards
What’s the nerve passing the rhomboid major muscle?
Dorsal scapular nerve
What does the dorsal scapular nerve pass through?
Levator scapular muscle, Rhomboid major and minor muscle.
Lumbar triangle
What are the borders of the lumbar triangle?
Iliac crest, Latissimus dorsi muscle, and External abdominal oblique muscle
What’s the importance of the lumbar triangle?
herniations occasionally occur here & it is of clinical importance
Petit Herni
Triangle of auscultation
What are the borders of the triangle of auscultation?
Inferior fibers of the trapezius,
superior fibers of the latissimus dorsi
inferior fibers of the rhomboid muscles
What’s the importance of the triangle of auscultation?
Pulmonary examination (listening to lungs)
What are the muscles of the shoulder region (6 muscles)?
Deltoid muscle, Subscapularis muscle, supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, teres major muscle, and teres minor muscle.
Deltoid muscle
What’s the origin of the deltoid muscle?
Clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula
What’s the insertion of the deltoid muscle?
Deltoid tuberosity
What’s the nerve passing through the deltoid muscle?
Axially nerve
What’s the function of the clavicular part (anterior) of the deltoid muscle?
Adduction & flexion & medial rotation
What’s the function of the acromial part (middle) of the deltoid muscle?
Abduction to 90 degree
What’s the function of the spinal part of the deltoid muscle?
Lateral rotation & Adduction & extension
Subscapularis muscle
What’s the origin of the Subscapularis muscle?
Subscapular fossa
What’s the insertion of the Subscapularis muscle?
Lesser tubercle of humerous
What’s the nerve passing the Subscapularis muscle?
Subscapular nerve
What’s the function of the Subscapularis muscle?
Medial rotation, Adduction & extension
Top right
Infraspinatus muscle
What’s the origin of the Infraspinatus muscle?
Infraspinatus fossa
What’s the insertion of the Infraspinatus muscle?
Greater tubercle
What’s the nerve passing the Infraspinatus muscle?
Suprascapular nerve
What’s the function of the Infraspinatus muscle?
Lateral rotation, extension & Adduction
Top label
Supraspinatus muscle
What’s the origin of the Supraspinatus muscle?
Supraspinatus fossa
What’s the insertion of the Supraspinatus muscle
Greater tubercle of humerous
What’s the nerve passing the Supraspinatus muscle?
Suprascapular nerve
What does the Suprascapular nerve pass?
Supraspinatus muscle and Infraspinatus muscle.
What’s the function of the Supraspinatus muscle?
iniciates abduction upto 15 degree
Talk about the degree of abduction.
0-15: Supraspinatus muscle
15-90: Acromial part (middle) of the deltoid muscle.
90- more: Trapezius muscle (hyperabduction)
Talk about the degree of abduction.
0-15: Supraspinatus muscle
15-90: Acromial part (middle) of the deltoid muscle.
90- more: Trapezius muscle (hyperabduction)
Last label
Teres minor
What’s the origin of the Teres minor?
Posterior & lateral border of scapula
What’s the insertion of the Teres minor?
Greater tubercle
What’s the nerve passing through the Teres minor?
Axillary nerve
What does the axillary nerve pass through?
Deltoid muscle and teres minor
What’s the function of the teres minor?
Lateral rotation, Adduction & extension
Teres major
What’s the origin of Teres major?
Inferior angle & posterior aspect of scapula
What’s the insertion of Teres major?
intertuberclar groove
What’s the nerve-passing Teres major?
Subscapular nerve
What does the Subscapular nerve pass?
Subscapularis muscle and teres major
What’s the function of the Teres major?
Medial rotation, Adduction & extension
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus muscle, Infraspinatus muscle, Teres minor, and Subscapularis muscle (attach to shoulder joint)
What do the rotator cuff muscles do?
-support the shoulder joint
-gives stability by holding the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
On posterior aspect of shoulder
Tricep brachii muscle
What’s the origin of Tricep brachii muscle?
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: lateral aspect of humerus
Medial head: medial aspect of humerus
What’s the insertion of Tricep brachii muscle?
Olecranon of the ulna
What’s the nerve passing through Tricep brachii muscle?
Radial nerve
What’s the function of Tricep brachii muscle?
extension to forearm & arm, Adduction to the arm
What does the Quadrangular space contain?
Teres major- Teres minor-long head of triceps & humerus
What is the content of the Quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
What does the Triangular interval contain?
Teres major-long head & lateral head (or humerus )of triceps
What is the content of the Triangular interval?
Radial nerve
Profunda brachii artery
What does the Triangular space contain?
Teres major- Teres minor-long head of triceps
What does the Triangular space contain?
Teres major- Teres minor-long head of triceps
Blue
Triangular space
Green
Triangular Interva;
Red
Quadrangular space
