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Anatomy > Gluteal region > Flashcards

Gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q
A

Pink: Iliac crest
Green: Natal cleft (birth happens through this canal)
Blue: Gluteal fold

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2
Q

Cutaneous Sensory Nerves of the Right Gluteal Region

A

Blue: Iliohypogastric n (L1)
Small yellow: Subcoastal n (T1,2)
Yellow: Superior cluneal n (L1,2,3)
Pink: Middle cluneal n (S1,2,3)
Green: Inferior cluneal n (posterior femural cutaneous n)

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3
Q

Superficial fasica of Gluteal region

A

Thick (esp women) and has a large amount of fat. Passage for superficial nerves and veins. The intramuscular injection can be done safely.

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4
Q

Deep fascia of Gluteal region

A

Splits to enclose the gluteus maximus then continues as a single layer on the outer surface of the gluteus medius and attach to iliac crest.

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5
Q

Where does the Iliotibial tract begin

A

Iliac crest

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6
Q
A

Fascia lata
right arrow: Iliotibial tract

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7
Q
A

Yellow: Tensor fascia lata
Green: Iliotibial tract

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8
Q

Muscle and function

A

Yellow: Tensor fascia lata (medial rotation)
Green: Gluteus maximus (Lateral rotation)
Are anatagonists

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9
Q

Tensor fascia lata location

A

Enclosed between 2 layers of fascia lata

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10
Q

Tensor fascia lata origin

A

Ant part of outer lip of iliac crest, ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

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11
Q

What other muscle has an origin at ASIS(anterior superior iliac spine)

A

Sartorius muscle

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12
Q

Tensor fascia lata insertion

A

Iliotibial tract

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13
Q

Tensor fascia lata nerve

A

Superior gluteal n

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14
Q

Tensor fascia lata function

A

Abd, flex & med rotation of thigh.
Acting through iliotibial tract, extends leg

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15
Q

Boney fragments are protected by what?

A

Bursa

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16
Q
A

Right up: Trochanteric bursa
Right down: Gluteofemoral bursa
Left: Ischial bursa

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17
Q

Trochanteric bursa location

A

Between greater trochanter and gluteus maximus

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18
Q

Gluteofemoral bursa location

A

Between Iliotibial tract band and vastus lateralis

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19
Q

Ischial bursa location

A

Between gluteus maximus and ischial tuberosity

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20
Q

Inflamed bursa and symptoms

A

Bursitis
Symp: localized pain and repetitive hip extension

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21
Q

3 bursa in gluteal region

A

Trochanteric bursa, Gluteofemoral bursa and Ischial bursa

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22
Q
A

Gluteus maximus

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23
Q
A

Green: Gluteus medius
Blue: Gluteus minimus

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24
Q
A

Red: Gluteus medius
Orange: Gluteus minimus
Up lines to down:
Posterior gluteal line
Anterior gluteal line
Inferior gluteal line

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25
Q
A

Red: Gluteus medius
Orange: Gluteus minimus

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26
Q

Gluteus max. function

A

Extension of the hip

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27
Q

Gluteus medius and minimus function

A

Flexion of the hip

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28
Q

Injection location

A
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29
Q
A

Green: Gluteus medius
Yellow: Gluteus maximus
Blue: Attachment of gluteus maximus to iliotibial tract
Uncolored: Iliotibial tract

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30
Q

Gluteus maximus origin

A

Lateral surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line; dorsal sacroiliac and sacrotuberous ligament; dorsal surface of sacrum

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31
Q

Gluteus maximus insertion

A

Iliotibial tract; gluteal tuberosity of femur

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32
Q

Gluteus maximus function

A

Extension(main), Abduction (upper fiber) and Adduction (lower fibers) of thigh

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33
Q

Gluteus maximus nerve

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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34
Q

How can the Sciatic nerve be compressed

A

At lower border of gluteus maximus by sitting on bench with a sharp edge (sleeping foot)

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35
Q

How can the Sciatic nerve be injured

A

Misplaced deep intramuscular injections

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36
Q

Where is the intramuscular injection given and why?

A

Superolateral quadrant to prevent damage to sciatic nerve

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37
Q

Gluteus medius origin

A

Lateral surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteus line

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38
Q

Gluteus medius insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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39
Q

Gluteus medius function

A

Abduction and medial rotation of thigh

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40
Q

Gluteus medius nerve

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1)

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41
Q

Gluteus minimus origin

A

Lateral surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteus line

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42
Q

Gluteus minimus insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

43
Q

Gluteus minimus function

A

Abduction and medial rotation of thigh

44
Q

Gluteus minimus nerve

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1)

45
Q

Which 2 muscles have the same insertion function and nerve (OIFN)

A

Gluteus minimus and medius(abducts more)

46
Q

What happens if there is a lesson of the gluteus medius (the main function is abduction/ does more abduction) or (gluteus medius and minimus)

A

Right glut-medius paralysis (when left leg is lifted)
Left gluteus- medius paralysis (when right leg is lifted)

47
Q

Deep muscles of gluteal region (Small lateral rotators)

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli superior and inferior
Quadratus femoris

48
Q
A

Green: Gluteus medius
Blue: Gluteus minimus

49
Q
A

Piriformis

50
Q
A

Gemelli superior

51
Q
A

Obturator internus

52
Q
A

Quadratus femoris

53
Q
A

Gemelli inferior

54
Q
A

White: Pelvic sacral foramena
Green: Piriformis m (pear shaped)

55
Q

Show piriformis m.

A

Pink: Gemellus superior
Green: Gemellus inferior
Yellow: Obturator externus
Blue: Obturator internus

56
Q
A

Obturator sign
Right : Flexion of legs at hip and knee and Medial rotation of thigh
Left:
indicates an inflamed pelvic appendix (appendicitis) that is in contact with the obturator internus muscle.

57
Q
A

Right: Intertrochantric crest
Left: Ischial tuberosity

58
Q

Piriformis origin

A

Anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament

59
Q

Piriformis insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

60
Q

Piriformis function

A

Lateral rotation, extension and abduction (when flexed) of the thigh

61
Q

Piriformis innervation

A

Ventral rami of S1 AND S2

62
Q

Obturator internus origin

A

Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones

63
Q

Obturator internus insertion

A

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

64
Q

Obturator internus function

A

Lateral rotation, extension and abduction (when flexed) of the thigh

65
Q

Obturator internus innervation

A

Ventral rami of L5 and S1

66
Q

Gemelli superior and inferior origin

A

SUP: Ischial spine
INF: Ischial tuberosity

67
Q

Gemelli superior and inferior insertion

A

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

68
Q

Gemelli superior and inferior function

A

Lateral rotation, extension and abduction (when flexed) of the thigh

69
Q

Gemelli superior and inferior innervation

A

Ventral rami of L5 and S1

70
Q

Quadratus femoris origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

71
Q

Quadratus femoris insertion

A

Posterior surface of femur between greater and lesser trochanter

72
Q

Quadratus femoris function

A

Powerful Lateral rotation

73
Q

Quadratus femoris innervation

A

Ventral rami of L5 and S1

74
Q

Ischial tuberosity is the origin of

A

Gemelli inferior and Quadratus femoris

75
Q

Greater trochanter of femur is the insertion of?

A

Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus and Piriformis

76
Q

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur is the insertion of

A

Obturator internus and Gemelli inferior and superior

77
Q

Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh is the function of

A

Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus

78
Q

Superior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1) is the innervation of

A

Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus

79
Q

Lateral rotation, extension and abduction (when flexed) of thigh is function of

A

All deep muscles of gluteal region except Quadratus femoris (only lateral rotation)

80
Q

Ventral rami of L5 and S1 is the innervation of

A

All deep muscles of gluteal region except Piriformis (S1 and S2)

81
Q
A

Green: Iliofemoral ligament
Orange: Obturator externus

82
Q

Obturator externus origin

A

External surface of obturator membrane and foramen

83
Q

Obturator externus insertion

A

Trochanteric fossa

84
Q

Obturator externus nerve

A

Posterior branch of obturator nerve(L3-4)

85
Q

Obturator externus function

A

Laterally rotates thigh

86
Q

Common region for arthroplasty, what are used as landmark and how is it dissected?

A

Gluteal region.
Lateral rotator muscles are used as landmarks that can be dissected off the femur and rolled medially over the sciatic nerve to protect it.

87
Q

Arthroplasty

A

a surgical procedure to restore the function of a joint

88
Q

Other lateral rotators of hip (5 muscles)

A

Gluteus maximus (lower fibres)
Gluteus medius & gluteus minimus when the hip is extended (become medial rotators when hip is flexed)
Psoas major
Psoas minor
Sartorius

89
Q
A

Superior gluteal artery
Inferior gluteal artery
Internal pudendal artery

90
Q

Origin of the sartorius muscle

A

Tensor fascia lata

91
Q
A

L3, L4,L5, S1 and S2 spine (Lumbar puncture area)

92
Q
A

Level of iliac crest

93
Q
A

Posterior superior iliac spine

94
Q
A

Tip of greater trochanter

95
Q
A

Buttock

96
Q
A

Tip of coccyx

97
Q
A

Ischial tuberosity

98
Q
A

Gluteal fold

99
Q
A

Natal cleft (birth through this canal)

100
Q
A

Green: Gluteus medius
Yellow: Gluteus minimus
Red: Gluteus maximus

101
Q
A

Red: Piriformis
Blue: Gemelli (sup and inf)
Green: Obturator internus
Yellow: Quadratus femoris

102
Q
A
103
Q
A
104
Q

Tricep coxae

A

muscles that attach to greater trochanter
include:
Obturator internus, Gemelli inf and sup.

Anatomy (17 decks)

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