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Anatomy > Posterior aspect of the thigh and the popliteal fossa > Flashcards

Posterior aspect of the thigh and the popliteal fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Cutaneous Nerves of Posterior Thigh

A

Blue: Obturator nerve
Yellow: Medial femoral cutaneous nerve ( branch of femoral n)
Green: Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Pink: Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

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2
Q

Hamstring-ischiocrural muscles

A

Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus

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3
Q
A
  1. Semitendinosus (half tendon)
  2. Bicep femoris
  3. Semimembranosus (half membrane)
  4. Gracilis
  5. Short head of bicep
  6. Bicep femoris (long head)
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4
Q

Hamstring avulsion.
What is it?
Cause?
How is it fixed?
Result?

A

When the hamstring muscle tendons are pulled powerfully from the ischial tuberosity (sometimes bone is pulled too with tendon or ligament).
- caused by a sudden contraction of hamstring muscle during exercise.
-requires surgery to reattach torn tendon to ischium.
- results in hematoma (blood clot in organ or tissue etc)

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5
Q

Semitendinosus muscle origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

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6
Q

Semitendinosus muscle insertion

A

Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle (via pes anserinus)

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7
Q

Semitendinosus muscle nerve

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

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8
Q

Pes anserinus muscles (say grace before tea)

A
  • Sartorius (Femoral nerve)
  • Gracilis (Obturator nerve)
  • Semitendinosus (Tibila division of sciatic n)
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9
Q

Semitendinosus muscle function

A

Hip joint: thigh extension
Knee joint: Leg flexion

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10
Q

HAMSTRING GRAFT FOR ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL)REPAIR

A

The graft is taken from the hamstring tendon (semitendinosus) along inside of thigh and knee.
- small incision over hamstring tendon and graft is prepared from 2 tendons that are stripped off the muscle.
- Torn ACL removed and replaced.

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11
Q

Biceps femoris muscle origin

A

Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Short head: Lateral lip of linea aspera (same as vastus lateralis)

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12
Q

Biceps femoris muscle insertion

A

Fibular head (laterally) (Fibularis longus origin)

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13
Q

Biceps femoris muscle function

A

Hip joint: Thigh extension
Knee joint: Leg flexion

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14
Q

Biceps femoris muscle innervation

A

Long head: Tibial divison of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
Short head: Common fibular divison of sciatic nerve. (L5-S2)

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15
Q
A

Right: Short head of bicep femoris m- linea aspera
Left: Long head of bicep femoris m - from ischial tuberosity

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16
Q

2 branches of sciatic nerve (YELLOW)

A

Common fibular nerve (right)
Tibial nerve (left)

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17
Q

Semimembranosus muscle origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

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18
Q

Semimembranosus muscle insertion

A

Medial condyle of tibia and forms oblique popliteal ligament

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19
Q

Semimembranosus muscle function

A

Hip joint: thigh extension
Knee joint: flexion and internal leg rotation

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20
Q

Semimembranosus muscle nerve

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

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21
Q
A

Adductor magnus
Vastus lateralis
Semitendinosus
Bicep femoris
Semimembranosus

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22
Q

What are the muscles of posterior aspect of thigh

A

Hamstring m
Ischiocrural m

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23
Q

Muscles of posterior aspect of the thigh innervated by which nerve?

A

Tibial nerve except short head of bicep femoris

24
Q

Function muscles of posterior aspect of the thigh

A

extension of hip and flexion of knee

25
Q

Boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

Pink (medial): Semimembranosus
Green (lateral): Bicep femoris
Brown: Medial head of gastrocnemius
Orange: Lateral head of gastrocnemius
Blue: Plantaris

25
Q

Boundaries of popliteal fossa (4 borders)

A

Pink (Superomedial): Semimembranosus
Green (Superolateral): Long head of Bicep femoris
Brown(Inferomedial): Medial head of gastrocnemius
Orange (Inferolateral): Lateral head of gastrocnemius
Blue (Inferolateral): Plantaris

26
Q

Popliteal fossa

A

Diamond shaped depression posterior to knee joint.
- important n and v pass from thigh to leg through this fossa.

27
Q

Floor of popliteal fossa (ant wall)

A

Tibia
Femur (popliteal surface)
Oblique popliteal ligament
Popliteus muscle and its own fascia

28
Q
A

Right: Popliteal surface
Up left: Oblique popliteal ligament
Down left: Popliteus muscle

29
Q

Roof of popliteal fossa (posterior wall)

A

Popliteal fascia and skin
Popliteal fascia is continues with fascia lata( leg)

30
Q

Superficial layer of popliteal fascia

A

Fat
Small saphaneous vein
Cutaneous nerve

31
Q

Deep layer of popliteal fascia

A

Strong, dense sheet
Protects neurovascular structures
Difficult to take pulse

32
Q

Popliteal artery and its branches

A

Anterior tibial artery (medially)
Posterior tibial artery (laterally)

33
Q

Popliteal artery is a continuation of

A

Femoral artery

34
Q

How does popliteal artery enter popliteal fossa?

A

Passing under semimembranosus muscle

35
Q

Popliteal artery location

A

between adductor hiatus and poplitieus muscle
runs close to articular capsule of knee joint

36
Q

What arteries does the popliteal artery branch to form

A

Superior medial genicular a
Superior lateral genicular a
Middle genicular a
Inferior medial genicular a
Inferior lateral genicular a

37
Q
A
  1. Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
  2. Lateral superior genicular a
  3. Lateral inferior genicular a
  4. Circumflex fibular a
  5. Descending genicular artery
  6. Medial superior genicular a
  7. Medial inferior genicular a
38
Q

What will be damaged if femur is fractured?

A

Popliteal artery

39
Q

Popliteal vein is continuation of

A

posterior tibial vein

40
Q

Popliteal vein path

A

Posterior tibial vein–> Popliteal vein–> Superifical to popliteal artery–> Femoral vein (exits fossa superiorly and passes adductor hiatus)–> takes saphenous vein.

41
Q

Where is popliteal vein formed?

A

Distal border of popliteus muscle (union of anterior and posterior tibial veins)

42
Q
A

Brown: Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
Green: Superficial femoral nerve
Red: Sural nerve via lateral dorsal cutaneous branch
Yellow: Deep femoral nerve

43
Q

How is sural nerve formed?

A

Union of:
Medial sural cutaneous nerve (branch of tibial nerve)
Ledial sural cutaneous nerve (branch of common fibular nerve)

44
Q

What does the sural nerve (S1,S2) supply?

A

Lateral side of leg and ankle

45
Q

Sural nerve biopsy

A

An incision is made, and the lesser saphenous vein is identified. The vein is then retracted superficially to expose the sural nerve.
Lateral malleolus is the landmark

46
Q

Sural nerve biopsy results

A

Sensory deficit no motor deficits

47
Q

Sural nerve biopsy makes you liable to

A

To be affected by neuropathy since its a distal branch of a long nerve.

48
Q

Lymph nodes in popliteal fossa number

A

6-8

49
Q

Lymph nodes in popliteal fossa 2 main groups

A

Superficial popliteal
Deep popliteal

50
Q

Superficial popliteal lymph nodes

A

lie within subcutaneous tissue
-receive lymph from lymphatic vessels accompanying short saphenous vein.
- Small, in popliteal fat

51
Q

Deep popliteal lymph nodes

A

-surround popliteal vessels
-recieve lymph from superficial popliteal lymph nodes as well as leg and foot.
-lymph drains into deep inguinal lymph nodes.
-recieve lymph from knee joint and lymphatic vessels.

52
Q

Content of popliteal fossa (medially to laterally) (8)

A

Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
End branch of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Articular branch of obturator nerve
Popliteus bursa
Fat

53
Q
A
  1. Popliteal a and v
  2. Tibial nerve
  3. Common fibular nerve
    both branches of sciatic nerve
  4. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  5. Articular branch of obtuator nerve
54
Q

Sciatic nerve pathway

A

Tibial nerve–> Medial sural cut. nerve
Common fibular nerve–> Lateral sural cut. nerve.
Between lat and medial–> communicating branch of sural nerve
Both form the sural nerve

55
Q

Baker’s cyst

A

Synovial membrane of knee joint sometimes makes continuation with popliteal fossa called popliteal bursa.
If the knee joint swells the synovial fluid passes the popliteus bursa and can be seen as swelling behind the knee (Baker’s cyst)
If it remains can compress nerve.

Anatomy (17 decks)

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