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Anatomy > Anterior aspect of the forearm and the cubital fossa  > Flashcards

Anterior aspect of the forearm and the cubital fossa  Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superficial veins of the forearm?

A

Cephalic vein, Basilic vein, Median cubital vein and Median vein of forearm.

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2
Q

Vein in red

A

Cephalic vein

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3
Q

Part above middle branch

A

Brachial cephalic vein

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4
Q

Part below middle branch

A

Antebrachial cephalic vein

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5
Q

Where does the cephalic vein begin and end?

A

Begins at the dorsum of the hand (drains venous blood) and
Continues on the radial side.
Passes the deltopectoral groove
Drains into the axillary vein (armpit)

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6
Q

What is the clinical importance of the superficial veins of the forearm?

A

Intravenous injections

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7
Q
A

Deltopectoral groove (between deltoid muscle and pectoralis major)

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8
Q

Vein in red

A

Basilic vein

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9
Q

Part above middle branch

A

Brachial basilic vein

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10
Q

Part below middle branch

A

Antebrachial basilic vein

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11
Q

Where does the basilic vein begin and end?

A

Begin: dorsum of the hand
Runs on the ulnar side
The brachial vein continues at the axillary vein contrasting the cephalic vein that drains into the axillary vein

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12
Q

Green highlighter

A

Median cubital vein

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13
Q

Green highlighter

A

Median vein of forearm

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14
Q

What does the median cubital vein branch from?

A

Branches from the cephalic vein and joins the basilic vein

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15
Q

What is the function of the median vein of the forearm?

A

Drains the venous blood of the palm surface of the hand and usually drains into the median cubital vein.

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16
Q

What is the exception for drainage of the median vein of the forearm?

A

Sometimes it divides into 2 branches and drains into the cephalic or basilic veins.

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17
Q

What do the cephalic and basilic veins drain?

A

Drain venous blood from the dorsal surface of the hand.

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18
Q

What is the fascia of the forearm?

A

Antebrachial fascia

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19
Q

What is the fascia of the arm?

A

Brachial fascia

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20
Q

What is a fascia?

A

Connective tissue

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21
Q

What are the functions of the fascia of upper arm?

A

Provides sheath for muscles (can seperate 1 group of muscle to another)
Provides septa (division) between muscles
Provides attachments for muscles
Attachment of olecranon to the posterior border of the ulna.

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22
Q

Thickening of fascia

A

Flexor Retinaculum (anteriorly forms band)(all muscles within flex)

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23
Q

Thickening of fascia

A

Extensor Retinaculum (posteriorly forms band) (all muscles within extend)

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24
Q

Whats the function of the flexor and extensor retinaculum?

A

Holds the muscle tendons and increases the effect of the muscle

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25
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Superficial, middle and deep compartment?

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26
Q

Which muscles are in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres muscle
Flexor carpi radialis muscle
Palmaris longus muscle
Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

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27
Q

Which muscles are in the middle compartment of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum (finger) superficialis (superficial)

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28
Q

Which muscles are in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor policis(thumb) longus
Pronotor (pronator) quadratus

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29
Q
A

Superficial compartment

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30
Q
A

Pronator teres muscle

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31
Q

What’s the origin of the pronator teres muscle?

A

Humeral head → upper part of medial epicondyle, CFT, antebrachial fascia
Ulnar head →medial border of coronoid proc.

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32
Q

What’s the insertion of the pronator teres muscle?

A

Anterior surface of radius (passes the elbow joint)

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33
Q

What’s the function of the pronator teres muscle?

A

Pronation (palm faces downward)(medial rotation) , weak flexion of forearm

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34
Q

What’s the nerve passing through the pronator teres muscle?

A

Median nerve

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35
Q
A

Flexor carpi(wrist) radialis muscle

36
Q

What’s the origin of the Flexor carpi radialis muscle?

A

medial epicondyle, CFT (common flexor tendon), antebrachial fascia

37
Q

What’s the insertion of the Flexor carpi radialis muscle?

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal

38
Q

What’s the function of the Flexor carpi radialis muscle?

A

Flexion and abduction of the wrist. Weak flexor of the elbow

39
Q

What’s the nerve passing through the Flexor carpi radialis muscle?

A

Median nerve

40
Q
A

Palmaris longus muscle (can be absent in some people)

41
Q

What’s the origin of the Palmaris longus muscle?

A

medial epicondyle, antebrachial fascia

43
Q

What’s the insertion of the Palmaris longus muscle?

A

Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis( dense connective tissue beneath skin)

44
Q

What’s the function of the Palmaris longus muscle?

A

Flexion of the wrist and stretches the palmar aponeurosis

45
Q

What nerve passes through the Palmaris longus muscle?

A

Median nerve

46
Q

What muscles does the median nerve pass through?

A

Pronator teres muscle, Flexor carpi radialis muscle, Palmaris longus muscle, Flexor digitorum superficialis, Lateral Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor policis longus, and pronator quadratus muscle.

47
Q

Name the 2 muscles

A

Left: Flexor carpi radialis muscle
Right: Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

48
Q

What’s the origin of the Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A

humeral head → medial epicondyle
Ulnar head → medial border of ulna, olecranon

49
Q

What’s the insertion of the Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A

Pisiform, 5th metacarpal bone

50
Q

What’s the function of the Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A

Flexion and adduction of the wrist(Lateral rotation)

51
Q

What nerve passes through the Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A

Ulnar nerve

52
Q

Name the 2 muscles

A

Left: Flexor policis longus
Right: Flexor digitorum superficilalis

53
Q

What’s the origin of the Flexor digitorum superficilalis?

A

humeroulnar head → medial epicondyle, CFT (common flexor tendon), anterior surface of ulnar colateral ligament
Radial head → anterior surface of radius

54
Q

What is the common flexor tendon?

A

Extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus

55
Q

What’s the insertion of the Flexor digitorum superficilalis?

A

sides of the medial 4 middle phalanx

56
Q

What’s the function of the Flexor digitorum superficilalis?

A

Flexion of the proximal phalanx

57
Q

What’s the nerve passing through the Flexor digitorum superficilalis?

A

Median nerve

58
Q

Name the 2 muscles.

A

Left: Flexor policis longus
Right: Flexor digitorum profundus

59
Q

What’s the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus?

A

anterior and medial surface of ulna, interosseus membrane

60
Q

What’s the insertion of the Flexor digitorum profundus?

A

base of the medial 4 distal phalanx

61
Q

What’s the function of the Flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flexion of the distal phalanx, flexion of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joint

62
Q

What’s the nerve passing the Flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Lateral →Median nerve
Medial → Ulnar nerve

63
Q

What’s the origin of Flexor policis longus?

A

interosseus membrane, anterior surface of radius

64
Q

What’s the insertion of the Flexor policis longus?

A

base of the distal phalanx of thumb

65
Q

What’s the function of the Flexor policis longus?

A

Flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb

66
Q

What’s the nerve passing the Flexor policis longus?

A

Median nerve

67
Q
A

Pronator quadratus muscle

68
Q

What is the origin of the Pronator quadratus muscle?

A

Lower part of the ulna

69
Q

What’s the insertion of the Pronator quadratus muscle?

A

Lower part of the radius

70
Q

What’s the function of the Pronator quadratus muscle?

A

Pronates the forearm

71
Q

What’s the nerve passing through the Pronator quadratus muscle?

A

Median nerve

72
Q

What’s the difference between brevis and longus?

A

Brevis: proximal phalanx
Longus: distal phalanx (long can reach)

74
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

Triangular fossa in front of the elbow joint

75
Q
A

Cubital fossa

76
Q

What’s the medial border of the cubital fossa?

A

pronator teres

77
Q

What’s the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachioradialis muscle

78
Q

What’s the base of the cubital fossa?

A

Line passing through the epicondyle

79
Q

What’s the apex of the cubital fossa?

A

Where the lateral and medial border meet.

80
Q

What’s the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

Supinator and brachialis muscle

81
Q

What’s the content of the cubital fossa?

A

Median nerve, Brachial artery, and Tendon of the biceps brachii muscle

82
Q

What arteries intervene( supply) each other?

A

Ulnar artery→ Common interosseous artery → Anterior and Posterior interosseous artery

83
Q

What nerves intervene( supply) each other?

A

Median nerve→ Anterior interosseous nerve

84
Q

What type of nerve is the median nerve?

A

Mixed nerve (sensory fibers-hand muscles and motor fibers-forearm region)

85
Q

What type of nerve is the Ulnar nerve?

A

Mixed nerve (sensory fibers and motor fibers

86
Q

What is the location of the Ulnar nerve?

A

Behind the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

87
Q

What 2 muscles does the Median nerve not pass through?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar/medial side of Flexor digitorum profundus

Anatomy (17 decks)

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