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Anatomy > Anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot > Flashcards

Anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot Flashcards

1
Q

Medial aspect of the leg to thigh

A

Right: Small saphenous vein
Left: Great saphenous vein

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2
Q

Clinical importance of saphenous veins

A

Coronary bypass surgery

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3
Q

Where does small saphenous vein terminate?

A

Popliteal area (lateral part of the leg)

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4
Q

Latin for leg

A

Sura

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5
Q

Both saphenous veins start from

A

Dorsal venous arch (located on dorsum of the foot)

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6
Q

Where does great saphenous vein pass?

A

Medial side found 1cm anterior to medial malellous

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7
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein pass

A

Lateral side posterior to lateral malelleous

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8
Q

Clinical importance of great saphenous vein when other veins are hard to find

A

Can insert catheter and give fluid to patient

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9
Q

Behind great saphenous vein

A

saphenous nerve

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10
Q
A

Green: saphenous nerve
Orange: sural nerve
(both sensory nerves)

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11
Q

Sural nerve and saphenous nerve can be removed to replace another motor nerve?

A

Suralnervegraft

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12
Q

Deep veins in leg

A

Anterior tibial vein and posterior tibial vein

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13
Q
A

Perforating veins

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14
Q

Perforating veins importance

A

Protect the superficial system (blood cant go back after going to deep system)

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15
Q

What happens if blood goes back to superficial veins (perforating veins not functioning)

A

Varicose vein
Varices
Superficial veins swell up
Deep veins are compressed by muscles and muscles push the blood up
Aesthetically bad

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16
Q

Blood clot formation in the deep veins

A

Deep vein thrombosis
Dangerous because can go to heart

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17
Q

How can vein varicose be removed

A

Laser ablation

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18
Q
A

Brown: Lateral cutaneous nerve of leg
Green: Superficial fibular nerve (old name: peroneal nerve)
Yellow: Deep fibular nerve
Red: Sural nerve via lateral dorsal cutaneous branch
Uncolored: Saphaneous nerve (branch of femoral nerve)
All are branches of the common fibular nerve (brown, green, yellow)

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19
Q
A

Up right: Dosiflexion
Up left: Plantarflexion
Down right: Inversion
Down left: Eversion

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20
Q
A

Anterior Intermuscular septum

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21
Q

Anterior compartment function and nerve

A

Extension, Deep fibular nerve

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22
Q

Posterior compartment function and nerve

A

Flexion, Tibial nerve

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23
Q

Importance of compartents

A

Compartments have a limited volume (cover muscles- have artery and nerve) if there is fluid collection eg. blood then the pressure in compartment will increase and compress the nerve.
Leg swells uo

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24
Q

How to decrease the pressure in the compartments

A

Cut the deep fascia and decrease pressure and treat pathology (Fasciotomy)

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25
Q

Deep fascia of the leg

A

Fascia crural

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26
Q
A

Blue: Superior extensor retinacula
Red: Inferior extensor retinacula
Orange: Superior fibular retinacula
Green: Inferior fibular retinacula

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27
Q

Anterior compartment muscles

A

4 muscles

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28
Q

All anterior compartment muscles are innervated by which nerve

A

Deep fibular nerve

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29
Q

All lateral compartment muscles are innervated by which nerve

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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30
Q

All posterior compartment muscles are innervated by which nerve

A

Tibial nerve

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31
Q
A

Tibialis anterior muscle

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32
Q

Tibialis anterior muscle origin

A

Lat condyle & upper half of lat surface of tibia, interosseous membrane

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33
Q

Tibialis anterior muscle insertion

A

Medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal b

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34
Q

Tibialis anterior muscle function

A

Extensor & primaryinvertor of foot

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35
Q

All muscles in the anterior compartment have part of their origin in

A

Interosseous membrane

36
Q
A

Deep fibular nerve
Medial artery: Anterior tibilar artery

37
Q
A

Extensor hallucis( 1st finger) longus muscle

38
Q

Extensor hallucis( 1st finger) longus muscle origin

A

Middle 1/3 of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane

39
Q

Extensor hallucis( 1st finger) longus muscle insertion

A

Base of distal phalanx of hallux

40
Q

Extensor hallucis( 1st finger) longus muscle function

A

Extension of hallux & foot, inversion of foot

41
Q
A

Dorsalis pedis (can take pulse)
Dorsal artery of the foot

42
Q
A

Extensor digitorum longus muscle

43
Q

Extensor digitorum longus muscle origin

A

Lat condyle of tibia, upper 3/4 medial surface of fibula, interosseous memb

44
Q

Extensor digitorum longus muscle insertion

A

Dorsalis aponeurosis 2-5

45
Q

Extensor digitorum longus muscle function

A

Extension to fingers 2-5 & foot

46
Q
A

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle

47
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle origin

A

Lower 1/3 medial surface of fibula, interosseous memb

48
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle insetion

A

Base of 5th metatarsal b

49
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle function

A

Extension and eversion of the foot

50
Q

Anterior leg muscles

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
Extensor hallucis longus

51
Q

Lateral leg muscles

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

52
Q
A

Fibularis longus muscle

53
Q

Fibularis longus muscle origin

A

Head & upper 2/3 lateral surface of fibula, ant & post intermuscular septa

54
Q

Fibularis longus muscle insertion

A

Medial cuneiform b & 1st metatarsal b

55
Q

Fibularis longus muscle function

A

Flexor & primary eversior of foot, supports transverse arch of foot

56
Q
A

Fibularis brevis muscle (more anterior)

57
Q

Fibularis brevis muscle origin

A

Lower 2/3 lateral surface of fibula, ant & post intermuscular septa

58
Q

Fibularis brevis muscle insertion

A

Base of fifth metatarsal (avulsion fracture)

59
Q

Fibularis brevis muscle function

A

Flexion &evertor of foot

60
Q

What muscle touches the lateral mallelous

A

Fibularis brevis muscle

61
Q
A

Fibularis brevis is so strong that it can pull the bone and cause Avulsion fracture.
Os peroneum is different (from birth no pain)

62
Q

Muscles of dorsum of the foot

A

Extensor digitorum brevis (doesnt go to 5th finger)
Extensor hallucis brevis

63
Q
A

Green: Extensor digitorum brevis
Blue: Extensor hallucis brevis

64
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis and Extensor hallucis brevis origin

A

Upper part of calcaneus

65
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis and Extensor hallucis brevis insertion

A

Dorsal hood

66
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis and Extensor hallucis brevis nerve

A

Deep fibular nerve

67
Q
A

Extensor digitorum brevis contusion and hematoma
Tendons can easily be cut by trauma, muscle function lost

68
Q

Branches of anterior tibial artery

A

Muscular branches
Circumflex fibular a
Anterior recurrent tibial a
Posterior recurrent tibial a
Anteriorlat. malleolar a.
Anterior med.Malleolar a
Dorsalis pedis a

69
Q

Know all label in picture

A
  1. Popliteal a
  2. Circumflex fibular a (around fibula)
  3. Anterior tibial recurrent a
  4. Posterior tibial a
70
Q
A

High Tibial Osteotomy

71
Q

High Tibial Osteotomy

A

As the anterior tibial artery passes medial to thefibular neck, it becomesvulnerable to damage during a tibialosteotomy.High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical procedure that is performed to correct angular deformities of the knee

72
Q

Superficial fibular nerve innervates muscles where

A

Lateral compartment (fibularis longus and brevis) main function

73
Q
A

fibularis longus and brevis main function:eversion if the superficial fibular nerve is damaged inversion muscles dominate and foot will be in the Varus position.

74
Q

Where does the superficial fibular muscle become superficial

A

Between fibularis longus and brevis– becomes cutaneous(sensory and motor fibers)

75
Q
A

Box: Perneous longus
Green: Lateral cutaneous branch of superficial fibular nerve
Red: Medial cutaneous branch of superficial fibular nerve

76
Q

Deep fibular nerve location

A

Next to anterior tibular artery

77
Q
A

Anterior tibular artery

78
Q

What happens if deep fibular nerve is damaged?

A

Anterior comp. muscles cant function (main func extension)– opp will occur which is drop foot. Tibialis anterior won’t function (inversion) eversion will occur. Talipeseqino-valgus (x)

79
Q
A

Talipeseqino-valgus (x)

80
Q
A

Superficial fibular nerve block. Giving anesthetic- distal part of nerve will be functionless

81
Q

Branches of common fibular nerve

A

Superficial and deep fibular nerve

82
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve rotate

A

Around head of fibula (palpable)

83
Q

Most commonly injured peripheral nerve

A

Common fibular nerve

84
Q
A

Talipes equinus foot drop (deep nerve is also cut) no varus and valgus– evertors are gone(fibularis muscles) and primary invertors (tibalis anterior)

85
Q
A

Green: Common fibular nerve
Blue: Deep fibular nerve
Yellow: Superficial fibular nerve

Anatomy (17 decks)

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