Sunburn Flashcards
Sunburn is caused by acute excessive exposure to ?
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Individuals with these features will burn more readily:
1.
2.
3. tan poorly and freckled
- blue/green eyed
- lighter skin
___ is responsible for phototoxicity, photoaging, immunosuppression and skin cancer. It also accounts for ~95% of radiation found in artificial tanning beds.
UVA
___ penetrates the skin more deeply than ultraviolet B (UVB) and is responsible for most phototoxic reactions to drugs.
UVA
___ (290–320 nm) is the primary cause of sunburn from sunlight. It can cause immunosuppression and skin cancer. It does not penetrate glass
UVB
True or False:
Radiation effets are enhanced by reflective surfaces (ex. sand, snow, cement) and water
True
Sun protection should be used if the UV index is __ or higher
3
What is the most damaging type of UV radiation?
a. UVA
b. UVC
d. UVB
e. None of the above
UVC is the most damaging, however it is completely filtered by the atmosphere and does not reach the earths surface
True or False:
Shorter wave lengths = less skin penetration and less harmful
False, Shorter wavelengths = less skin penetration and MORE harmful
UVA - long WL, deep pentration
UVB - med WL, surface layer
UVC - short WL
Non-drug options for avoiding sunburn:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Avoid outdoor activities at peak UV times (10-4 pm)
- Choose shady areas for outdoor activities
- Wear Sunscreen
- Wear sunglasses, Wide brimmed hats
Minimize sun exposure while taking phytotoxic medications, avoid alcohol
Medications that may cause phytotoxic reactions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Tetracyclines
- Quinolones
- Diuretics (furosemide, hctz)
- Retinoids
Azole antifungals, NSAIDs, Cancer therapies, Amiodarone, diltiazem, sulfonylurea , TCA
What is a phototoxic reaction?
A dose related, sun-burn like reaction. Occurs minutes to hours after exposure
It is limited to the areas of skin exposed to sun
Can occur in anyone with sufficient sun/med exposure
What is a photo allergic reaction?
A delayed hypersensitivity reaction after exposure to light, small # of people
Occur 24-72 hours after exposure to a photosensitizing drug and sunlight
The two types of sunscreens:
1.
2.
- Inorganic (Physical)
- Organic (Chemical)
Physical sunscreens like titanium dioxide, zinc oxide work by:
Reflect/Scatter UV and visible light
Other ex. kaolin, talc, ferric chloride, melanin
Physical sunscreens are generally _______ and less __________ elegant, and may rub off easily or melt with the sun’s heat. Although they pose less risk of sensitization, their occlusive effect may cause ________ (“heat rash,” “prickly heat”) and folliculitis.
thicker and less cosmetically elegant
miliaria
Chemical sunscreens should be applied __ minutes before UV exposure to allow active ingredients to bind to the skin
15
There are various classes of chemical sunscreens.
- Benzophenones spectrum:
- Cinnamates spectrum:
- Dibenzoylmethanes:
- Para-aminobenzoic acid esters (PABA)
Benzophenones: UVA+UVB
Cinnamates: UVB
Dibenzoylmethanes: Broad UVA protection
PABA esters: UVB protection
This class of chemical sunscreens can cause cross-sensitivity with ester anesthetics, sulfonamides, sulfonylurea hypoglycemics, thiazides
PABA esters
When choosing sunscreen:
1. They should be labeled:
2. Have an SPF of at least ____
- broad spectrum
- 30
Sunscreen application:
1. Topical sunscreens should be applied generously to all exposed surfaces including lips, tops of ears and tops of feet
- Apply __ minutes before sun exposure
- Reapplied after ____ or ____ and atleast once during prolonged outdoor exposure
- 15 minutes
- washing or towel drying
It is generally recommended that sunscreen be applied ______ insect repellent
before
True or False:
Since vitamin D synthesis requires UVB exposure, one should increase sun exposure without sunscreen to meet vitamin D requirements
Intentional sun exposure without sunscreen in order to meet vitamin D requirements is not recommended.
For infants < 6 months of age if sunscreen is needed use:
1.
Physical sunscreen and apply to small exposed areas such as face, back of hands and feet
Non drug options for treatment of sun burn?
1
2.
Cool baths
Wet compresses
Replenish fluids
Pharm choices for treatment of sun burn?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Calamine
colloidal oatmeal
moisturizers
Analgesics
Pramoxine hydrochloride 1% topical anesthetic
Avoid benzocaine, sensitize skin
Sunburn in pregnancy can be treated with these medications:
- Calamine or colloidal oatmeal
- acetaminophen for pain relief
After a sunburn, the skin should not be exposed to the sun for atleast ?
1 week
