Oncology Tidbits Flashcards
Alkylating agents such as Cisplatin & Carboplatin are associated with the following rare side effects:
1
2
1 ototoxicity
2 nephrotoxicity
Because chemotherapy targets rapidly growing cells non-selectively, they will also target the following 3 types of rapidly growing cells
1
2
3
Hair Cells –> Leads to alopecia
Skin Cells –> Leads to mucositis (inflammation in mouth)
Blood Cells –> Leads to myelosuppression
Docetaxel and Pacitaxel belong to which drug class? (Hint: think of the ending of the drug names)
Taxanes
Rare side effects associated with Docetaxel and Pacitaxel include the following:
1. Pain/____________
2. Fluid retention
3.
- Neuropathy
- Hypersensitivity reactions (pre treat with steroids or diphenhydramine)
Methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil are examples of which drug class?
Antimetabolites
Antimetabolites cause diarrhea, myelosuppression, mucositis, skin irritation and _________
heartburn/anorexia
Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, idarubicin are from what class of drugs?
Antitumor or Anthracyclines
Rare side effect of Anthracyclines (ex. Doxorubicin) would be?
Cardiotoxicity
Vinca Alkaloids such as vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine are associated with neurotoxicity, dizziness and vertigo, myelosuppression, alopecia, mucositis and _____________
Skin Necrosis (Extravasation) – Remember Vinca Alkaloids are treated with Heat not cold compress for extravasation
Biological response modifiers like interferon, stimulate the body’s immune response so they cause common side effects such as:
1.
2.
3.
Flu like symptoms
Fever
Fatigue
Anti-Angiogenesis drugs such as Bevacizumab, Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors, Thalidomide can cause?
1. Hypertension
2.
3.
- Clot (TREAT WITH LMWH (PREF) OR DOAC - tx duration is for however long receiving tx) but minimum 3-6 months
- Bleed
- Proteinuria
Muscle or bone pain, pancytopenia, insomnia, tumour lysis syndrome are side effects native to what drug?
Bortezomib (Apoptosis inducing drug)
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ending in “NIB”) are unique because they cause?
Skin reactions
Hot flashes, osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia are common side effects of ?
Aromatase inhibitors, letrozole anastrozole
Tamoxifen, a SERM, can increase ones risk of ?
Clots
- hypertension
- weight loss
- vaginal discharge
- amenorrhea
Manage mucositis by maintaining good _____ __________
Oral Hygiene, Mucositis typically appears at least 5-7 days after chemo (NO ALCOHOL MOUTH WASHES)
Palifermin, magic mouthwash
Manage diarrhea with ORT and
Loperamide
However SEVERE diarrhea requiring urgent medical attention should be treated with octerotide
Alopecia is typically caused by these three drugs
1.V
2.D
3.C
“Vin Diseals Car”
Vincristine
Doxorubicin
Cyclophosphamide
Figastrim and Pegfigrastim are used to treat ?
Neutropenia, when risk >20%
Give them 24 hr after chemo
True or False: Alopecia typically starts 1-3 weeks after treatment and starts to grow back after 6-8 weeks
True
Hand-foot syndrome/Palmar-plantar erythrodysthesia is common with these 3 drugs
1.F
2.C
3.D
“Feet Cant Dance”
- Fluroruicil
- Capecitabine
- Doxorubicin
Capecitabine and Flurouricil can cause ? (hint its treated with CCBs + Nitrates and reversible after stopping drug)
Coronary vasospasm/myocardial ischemia
Lapatinib and Trastuzumab can cause? (hint you’d give Acei / BB )
Heart failure
Initiation of IV fluids + rasburicase would mean patient is being treated for
tumor lysis syndrome
Allopurinol at doses of 300 mg can be used for prevention
