AMD Flashcards
AMD is a common eye condition characterized by damage/deterioration of the _______
macula
AMD can be classified into two categories:
1.
2.
- Dry
- Wet (neovascular AMD)
Of the two AMD subtypes, ____ AMD is responsible for severe vision loss if not treated in a timely manner
WET
Up to 30% of the risk of vision loss in AMD is attributable to _______
smoking !!!
Hypertension, family history, age>65, caucasian, CV dx are also all risk factors
Of the two AMD subtypes: ____ AMD is less severe and responsible for ~90% of cases
dry - people can also unpredictably change to wet AMD
Dry AMD can be characterized by _______
Drusen (white spots)
Drusen are white/yellow spots in retina caused by protein and lipids, they can be hard or soft
Wet AMD is characterized by abnormal ______ _____ growth
blood vessel
A central blur or distortion in either eye can indicate the onset of ______ AMD
wet
Early AMD may present ________
Hint: Symptoms?
asymptomatic
Non drug options for AMD?
1.
2.
3.
- QUIT SMOKING
- Amsler Grid
- Visual aids like magnifiers
Regulate BP, regulate cholesterol, exercise, balanced diet
The ______ _____ is useful for self-monitoring by patients with either nAMD or dry AMD and/or a family history of AMD
Amsler Grid – A central blur or distortion in either eye can indicate the onset of nAMD. The test must be performed with one eye closed, then repeated with the other eye. Reading glasses must be used for the test if the patient customarily requires them. The grid should be placed 33 cm from the eyes.
Preventative therapy of AMD with this supplement can be beneficial ?
AREDS 2 multivitamin
AREDS formulation decrease risk of advanced AMD and related loss of vision by 25% in those with intermediate ____ AMD
Dry
- does not restore vision and not effective in early AMD
- does not prevent onset of AMD
Why is Beta Carotene formulation of AREDS no longer recommended?
Beta-carotene was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer regardless of current or past smoking status
What is the difference between the AREDS2 / regular AREDS formulation ?
AREDS2 is formulated WITHOUT BETA-CAROTENE, remains as effective as original formula AND its formulated with LOWER DOSE OF ZINC, remains as effective as high dose and may cause less nausea
True or False:
Omega supplements have no value in AMD
True
Studies have proven that the ____ inhibitors are effective in decreasing vision loss in nAMD (WET)
VEGF
What drug class decreases vision loss by inhibiting growth and shrinking new blood vessels, reducing edema?
VEGF inhibitors
All VEGF inhibitors are injected directly into the _____ cavity of the eye
vitreous
use topical anaesthetic and antiseptic
Most common side effect with VEGF inhibitors?
mild eye pain
Subconjuctival hemorrhage is also common and generally resolves within 2 weeks
Endophthalmitis (severe vision loss) is rare but medical emergency
Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin is no longer used as primary therapy for most AMD forms: true or false
true
Verteporfin causes photosensitivity that can result in severe burns. Patients must avoid exposure of skin or eyes to sunlight or bright indoor light for __ days following treatment.
2 days
visual disturbances can occur and drug interactions with photosensitive medications
Severe ___ ____, which occurs rarely during verteporfin infusions, remits when the infusion is stopped
BACK PAIN
The recurrence rate of AMD following successful treatment has not been firmly established but appears to be ____
HIGH - Lifelong vigilance for recurrence is likely necessary, including self-monitoring with the Amsler grid
