AMD

Question 1

AMD is a common eye condition characterized by damage/deterioration of the _______

Answer 1

macula

Question 2

AMD can be classified into two categories:
1.
2.

Answer 2

1. Dry
2. Wet (neovascular AMD)

Question 3

Of the two AMD subtypes, ____ AMD is responsible for severe vision loss if not treated in a timely manner

Answer 3

WET

Question 4

Up to 30% of the risk of vision loss in AMD is attributable to _______

Answer 4

smoking !!!

Hypertension, family history, age>65, caucasian, CV dx are also all risk factors

Question 5

Of the two AMD subtypes: ____ AMD is less severe and responsible for ~90% of cases

Answer 5

dry - people can also unpredictably change to wet AMD

Question 6

Dry AMD can be characterized by _______

Answer 6

Drusen (white spots)

Drusen are white/yellow spots in retina caused by protein and lipids, they can be hard or soft

Question 7

Wet AMD is characterized by abnormal ______ _____ growth

Answer 7

blood vessel

Question 8

A central blur or distortion in either eye can indicate the onset of ______ AMD

Answer 8

wet

Question 9

Early AMD may present ________

Hint: Symptoms?

Answer 9

asymptomatic

Question 10

Non drug options for AMD?
1.
2.
3.

Answer 10

1. QUIT SMOKING
2. Amsler Grid
3. Visual aids like magnifiers

Regulate BP, regulate cholesterol, exercise, balanced diet

Question 11

The ______ _____ is useful for self-monitoring by patients with either nAMD or dry AMD and/or a family history of AMD

Answer 11

Amsler Grid – A central blur or distortion in either eye can indicate the onset of nAMD. The test must be performed with one eye closed, then repeated with the other eye. Reading glasses must be used for the test if the patient customarily requires them. The grid should be placed 33 cm from the eyes.

Question 12

Preventative therapy of AMD with this supplement can be beneficial ?

Answer 12

AREDS 2 multivitamin

Question 13

AREDS formulation decrease risk of advanced AMD and related loss of vision by 25% in those with intermediate ____ AMD

Answer 13

Dry

• does not restore vision and not effective in early AMD
• does not prevent onset of AMD

Question 14

Why is Beta Carotene formulation of AREDS no longer recommended?

Answer 14

Beta-carotene was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer regardless of current or past smoking status

Question 15

What is the difference between the AREDS2 / regular AREDS formulation ?

Answer 15

AREDS2 is formulated WITHOUT BETA-CAROTENE, remains as effective as original formula AND its formulated with LOWER DOSE OF ZINC, remains as effective as high dose and may cause less nausea

Question 16

True or False:
Omega supplements have no value in AMD

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Studies have proven that the ____ inhibitors are effective in decreasing vision loss in nAMD (WET)

Answer 17

VEGF

Question 18

What drug class decreases vision loss by inhibiting growth and shrinking new blood vessels, reducing edema?

Answer 18

VEGF inhibitors

Question 19

All VEGF inhibitors are injected directly into the _____ cavity of the eye

Answer 19

vitreous

use topical anaesthetic and antiseptic

Question 20

Most common side effect with VEGF inhibitors?

Answer 20

mild eye pain

Subconjuctival hemorrhage is also common and generally resolves within 2 weeks

Endophthalmitis (severe vision loss) is rare but medical emergency

Question 21

Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin is no longer used as primary therapy for most AMD forms: true or false

Answer 21

true

Question 22

Verteporfin causes photosensitivity that can result in severe burns. Patients must avoid exposure of skin or eyes to sunlight or bright indoor light for __ days following treatment.

Answer 22

2 days

visual disturbances can occur and drug interactions with photosensitive medications

Question 23

Severe ___ ____, which occurs rarely during verteporfin infusions, remits when the infusion is stopped

Answer 23

BACK PAIN

Question 24

The recurrence rate of AMD following successful treatment has not been firmly established but appears to be ____

Answer 24

HIGH - Lifelong vigilance for recurrence is likely necessary, including self-monitoring with the Amsler grid