Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PEBC > Diarrhea > Flashcards

Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of diarrhea

A

Acute <14 days
Persistent 14 days up to 4 weeks
Chronic >4 weeks but symptoms less severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Diarrhea is a change in normal bowel movements with the following characteristics
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. increased water content
  2. increased volume
  3. increased frequency, > or equal to 3 loose stools/day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List some examples of drug related signs and symptoms of diarrhea
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. recent abc use
  2. PPI
  3. Laxative use

Magnesium based antacids, sorbitol containing drugs, orlistat, motility agents ex domperidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 Common risk factors ?

A
  1. Travel
  2. Age ( very old or <3)
  3. Recent abx use or unsafe sexual practice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Some red flags for any type of diarrhea?

A
  • signs and symptoms of dehydration
  • severe diarrhea (> 6 loose stools per day) for > 48 hrs (adults) and > 24 hours (children)
  • blood
  • pain
  • fever >38.5
  • persistent or chronic diarrhea
  • vomiting >4hrs
    recent abx use associated with C.Diff (Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins)
  • Immunocompromised
  • PREGNANCY
  • < 2 YO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some signs of dehydration in children?

A
  • dry mouth
  • little or no tears
  • <4 wet diapres in 24 hours
  • sunken eyes or cheeks
  • tired irritable
  • decreased skin turgor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Non-Pharm options for any type of diarrhea?

A
  1. ORT
  2. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, sugary beverages
  3. if infectious avoid loperamide (prevents removal of toxin from bowel)
  4. report outbreaks
  5. prevention via vaccine, frequent hand wash, traveler diarrhea education
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the treatment options for acute diarrhea?

A
  1. Bismuth subsalicylate
  2. Loperamide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute diarrhea should not be treated with _________ unless travellers’ diarrhea

A

empiric abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate should be avoided in
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. children <12
  2. pregnancy
  3. breastfeeding

in patients taking anticoagulants, methotrexate, and salicylates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Caution if someone has a true allergy to ASA, they could develop an allergic response to ______

A

Pepto Bismol (Bismuth Subsalicylate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate can cause ______ stools

A

black tarry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Loperamide is not recommended for use in patients with ______ or ______

A

bloody diarrhea or fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Loperamide should be avoided in children _____

A

< 2 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Loperamide can be used in _______ and _______ (a certain population)

A

pregnancy and breastfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Loperamide dosing:

A

4 mg STAT, 2 mg after each loose BM, max 16 mg /day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Loperamide should be discontinued if diarrhea persists > ____ hours

A

48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Common side effects of loperamide
1
2
3

A

1 cramps
2 dry mouth
3 drowsiness

18
Q

The options for chronic diarrhea treatment include:
1 opioids (loperamide well tolerated, lowest abuse)
2 psyllium (limited roll)
3
4
5

A

3 cholesteryamine
4 clonidine
5 octerotide

19
Q

Clonidine is used for diarrhea associated with ______

A

opioid withdrawal

20
Q

Octerotide is used for diarrhea caused by ______

A

neuroendocrine tumors

21
Q

Cholesterymaine is useful for ________ induced diarrhea secondary to malabsorption of ______

A

bile acid

22
Q

Other medications should be administered 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after this drug (ensure adequate hydration)

A

Cholesterymine

23
Q

First line treatment of diarrhea in pregnancy

A
  1. Bulk forming agents
    2nd line loperamide
24
Q

DO NOT USE _________ & __________ in pregnancy or breastfeeding

A

diphenoxylate/atropine (lomotil) & bismuth subsalicylate

25
Q

The following are safe in diarrhea treatment in breastfeeding:
1
2

A

loperamide or bulk forming agents

26
Q

Infectious diarrhea is defined as diarrhea + >1 of the following:
1
2
3
4

A

1 nausea/vomiting
2 fever
3 abdominal cramps
4 blood in stools
5 ++ WBC count
6 fecal urgency
7 tenesmus (need to pass stools constantly even when bowels empty)

27
Q

Travellers diarrhea can be characterized by the following severities:
1
2
3
4

A

mild (non-distressing)
moderate (distressing)
severe (incapacitating)
persistent (>2 weeks of diarrhea)

28
Q

Non bloody enteric infection in neonates (6-18 months) is often caused by this virus:

A

ROTAVIRUS

29
Q

Non bloody enteric infections for Travellers’ diarrhea is most commonly caused by:

A

ETEC

30
Q

Bloody enteric infections for Travellers’ diarrhea is most commonly caused by the following pathogens:

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Enterohemorrhagic E.Coli (EHEC/STEC)

31
Q

Infectious diarrhea should be treated only after fecal sample is obtained, EXCEPT in _________

A

travellers’ diarrhea (toxigenic E.Coli)

32
Q

Empiric treatment of infectious diarrhea in adults includes
1.
2.

A
  1. FQ’s
  2. Macrolide (Azithromycin)
33
Q

Empiric treatment of infectious diarrhea in children includes
1.
2.

A
  1. Macrolide (Azithromycin)
  2. TMP-SMX
34
Q

Loperamide should only be used to treat infectious diarrhea in adults with _____, ________

A

mild, non-bloody diarrhea

35
Q

Avoid using loperamide for treating infectious diarrhea in patients with _____ and/or _____ to ______ diarrhea

A

bloody and or moderate to severe

36
Q

MILD Travellers’ diarrhea should be treated with the following
1
2
3

A

1 ORT
2 Bismuth subsalicylate
3 loperamide (not recommended if bloody or fever >38.5)

37
Q

Antibiotics in travellers diarrhea are used for _____ to _____ travellers’ diarrhea

A

MODERATE TO SEVERE

38
Q

This antibiotic, used in the treatment of travellers’ diarrhea is preferred in children and pregnant/breastfeeding women

A

AZITHROMYCIN (Asia / Mexico)

39
Q

Assess the following if antibiotic therapy was used in last 3 months and no travel history with signs of diarrhea

A

C.DIFF

40
Q

Dukoral is used for

A

prevention of TD caused by ETEC diarrhea, not for all travellers but those with health complication risks

41
Q

Azithromycin is the antibiotic of choice for areas where Campylobacter predominates, which areas?

A

Mexico and Asia

42
Q

FQs are effective options in countries where ETEC predominates, those areas are:

A

Latin America and Africa

PEBC (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions