Dehydration in children

Question 1

Dehydration occurs when ____ loss is ____ than ____ intake

Answer 1

water loss is greater than water intake

Question 2

The “100, 50, 20” rule, known as the Holliday sugar method for daily requirements is:
<10 kg:

11-20 kg:

> 20kg:

Answer 2

<10 kg: 100 ml/kg

11-20 kg: 1000 ml + 50 ml/kg (over 10 kg)

> 20 kg: 1500 ml + 20 ml/kg (over 20 kg)

Question 3

Who is at the greatest risk for dehydration?

Answer 3

Children (extremes of age very old too)

Question 4

Causes of dehydration can be:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 4

diarrhea
vomiting
fever
burns

malnutrition, diabetes

Question 5

Severity of dehydration is as follows:
(% Weight loss)
Mild:
Moderate
Severe:

Answer 5

5%

10%

15%

Question 6

In moderate / severe dehydration is the pulse increased or decreased?

Answer 6

elevated, the BP may be normal to lowered

Question 7

Red flags for dehydration:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 7

<6 months
Mod/Severe
Vomiting >6 h
Diarrhea >24 hr

Question 8

The most common type of dehydration is called:

Answer 8

Isonatremic dehydration

Loss of Sodium = loss of water

Question 9

Hypernatremic dehydration is when:

Answer 9

Water loss > salt loss (>150 Na)

Question 10

Hypernatremic dehydration usually develops slowly and is corrected slowly to prevent cerebral edema and _________

Answer 10

seizures

Question 11

The least common type of dehydration:

Answer 11

Hyponatremic

Question 12

First line therapy in mild-moderate dehydration?

Answer 12

ORT - give small amounts frequently

Question 13

First line therapy in severe dehydration?

Answer 13

IV fluids

Question 14

NaCL 0.45% is used to slowly restore volume and Na to normal levels in _______ dehydration

Answer 14

hypernatremic

Question 15

NaCl 3% is used to correct severe/life threatening _______

Answer 15

hyponatremia

Question 16

Avoid this solution in patients with renal failure, cardiac compromise or those who are at risk for increased inter cranial pressure:

Answer 16

D5W

Question 17

______ and ______ may be used 15-30 minutes prior to ORT to help increase ORT tolerance

Answer 17

Ondansetron and dimehydrinate

Question 18

Introduce food when stable in patient with dehydration to avoid __________ syndrome

Answer 18

refeeding

Question 19

Rehydrating with ______________ may cause hyponatremia and hypoglycemia

Answer 19

plain water

Question 20

True or false: Avoid soda, sport drinks or juice as rehydration fluids

Answer 20

True