Summary for test Flashcards
define mechanical digestion
- breaking down food
- Chewing
- stomach churning
- muscle contracting
Role of tongue
steer food to be crushed + rinded
turns it into a ball (Bolus) to be sallowed
What is epiglottis
flap that controls food holes
What are the different sphincter
Cardiac sphincter: top of stomach
Pyloric sphincter: bottom of stomach
Anal sphincter: bottom of anus
What is salivary amylase
breaks down carbohydrates in the mouty
Chemicals present in stomach
- stomach acid
- gastric juice - used for breaking down large particles into smaller ones. aslo kills bacteria
Stomach walls lined with mucas
- lubricates the walls of the stomach
- physical barrier
duodenum
- where bile is entered through the bile duct
-
Types of acids
Protease- breaks doen proteins
Lipase- breaks doen lipids
amylase- breaks down carbohydrates
Bile
- made in liver
- stored in gall bladder
- used to break down lipids (emulsification)
Illeum and jenmum
- large surface area
- contains villi: surface covered in microvilli
- arteries + veins inside villi
- absorption into the lateral (lymphatic sytem) fat molecules cant diffuse through because of their size
Large intestine
- larger diameter
- ceacum makes beginning of the large intestine
- absorbs water and minerals
- Assending, transversing and decending
describe glomerulus (kidney)
higher blood flow because vein leading outwards has a smaller diameter than artery leading in
Bowmans capsule
holds glomerules
Proximinal convoluted tube
filters out water, glucose and amino acids
loop of henle
- dips down into medulla
- role: water absorption
- water is aborped out due to osmosis and the salt on the outside
deamination
nitrogen is removed from amino acids. forms ammonia (toxic to body) to form urea
distal convoluted tube
secretion occurs
What is secretion
body pushing unwanted materials back= removes waste
- hrdorgen and penecillin
chemical digestion
the breakdown of large molecules with a differet chemical structure
- involves an enzyme
