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Human Bio Year 11 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the respiration system?

A
  • Supply cells with oxygen

- Remove carbon dioxide waste

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2
Q

Functions of Nose and Nasal cavity

A
  • Inhaling and Exhaling

- Mucas lining and hairs (cilia) prevents foreign objects entering, warms the air and filters out impurities

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3
Q

Functions of the Mouth and Oral cavity

A
  • Secondary point of inhaling and exhaling

- Common tube of transport for both respiratory and digestive system

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4
Q

Function of the Pharynx

A
  • Common tube of transport for both respiratory and digestive system
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5
Q

Function of the Larnyx?

A
  • A passageway for air movement

- Contains vocal chords for speech

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6
Q

Function of the Epiglottis?

A
  • Hinged valve controlling air movement into tracea and food into oesophagus
  • Prevents the reverse
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7
Q

Function of the trachea

A
  • Tube for air movement
  • Armoured with cartridge rings to prevent collapse
  • Contains glands to moisten air and trap particle
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8
Q

Function of the lungs

A
  • Exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen and vice versa
  • Each lung is inside 2 membranes called the pleura
  • The right Lung is 3 lobes, while the left has 2 due to the heart
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9
Q

Function of the Bronchi

A
  • 2 branches from the end of trachea, one to each lung as well of major subdivisions of these
  • Also contains glands and cartlidge
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10
Q

Function of the Bronchioles?

A
  • Smaller subdivisions of Bronchi

- Air in Bronchioles is at body temprature, filtered and moisturised

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11
Q

Function of the aveoli?

A
  • Air sacs that are one cell thick
  • Look like grapes
  • Closely linked to capillaries
  • Used for gas exchange
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12
Q

Function of the ribcage?

A
  • protects lungs and thoracic organs

- Used with intercostal muscles during breathing

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13
Q

What are Intercostal muscles?

A
  • Muscles between ribcage that contract and relax during breathing
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14
Q

Function of the diaphram?

A
  • Dome shaped muscle in bottom of ribcage

- Forms floor of thorcic cavity and roof of abdominal cavity

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15
Q

Describe Breathing

A
  • To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide there must be a method for bringing air into and out of the lungs
  • Includes the processes of inspiration and expiration
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16
Q

Mechanism for breathing

A
  • Breathing relies on the passive ovement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low prssure
17
Q

What is inspiration

A
  • Taking air into the lungs
  • Air flows from high pressure to low pressure
  • Lung volume increases, lowering air pressure in the lungs
18
Q

Mechanics for Inspiration

A
  • Diaphragm contracts, extending the chest cavity downwards
  • External intercostal muscles contract extending the rib cage upwards and outwards
  • The internal intercostal muscles relax
  • As the pleura adheres to the internal wall of the chest cavity the lungs expand with the rib cage
  • Air pressure now lower than the outside lungs causing air to flow in through the nose and trachea until air pressure stabilises
19
Q

What is expiration

A
  • Moving air out of the lungs

-

20
Q

What is expiration

A
  • Moving air out of the lungs
  • Air flows from high to low pressure
  • Lung volume decreases, increasing air pressure in the lungs
  • Diaphragm relaxes, pushing the chest cavity upwards
  • The internal intercostal muscles contract moving rib cage downwards and inwards
  • External intercostal muscles relax
21
Q

Rest and Exertion

A
  • At rest the diaphragm is mainly responsible for changes in chest volume
  • During heavier breathing movements of the rib cage become more important
22
Q

Damage to the Pleura

A
  • If the Pleura is damaged it can impact on lung expansion and cause significant pain
23
Q

Symptoms of Asthma

A
  • Shortness of breath (especially at night)
  • Wheezing - a whistling or hissing sound when breathing out
  • Coughing - may be chronic( usually at night or when exposed to dry air)
  • Chest tightness
24
Q

Symptoms of Asthma

A

-

25
Q

Causes of Asthma

A
  • Narrowing of the breaching airways, which interferes with normal movement of air into and out of the lungs
26
Q

What is Bronchitis

A

A condition that occurs when the inner wals lining the main air passage of the lungs becomes infected and imflammed

27
Q

Causes of Bronchitis

A
  • caused by same virus that causes colds
  • can develop from exposure to irratants
  • can be brought on by gastroesophagel reflux disease
28
Q

Causes of Bronchitis

A
  • caused by same virus that causes colds

- can develop from exposure to irratants

29
Q

What is emphysema

A

occurs do to lack of elasticity in the walls of the aveoli. Eventually the walls stretch and break which results in less efficient gas exchange

30
Q

Describe the heart

A
  • The pump that pushes blood around your body

- Membrane surrounding the heart = the pericardium which keeps the heart in place and stops it from overstretching

31
Q

Describe the valves in the heart

A
  • atrioventricular valves are between the atria and ventricles so blood cannot flow back into the ventricles. They have 2 cup/flaps of skin
  • semi lunar valves = where blood leaves the heart. they have 3 flaps of skin
32
Q

Describe blood vessels

A
  • Blood flows around the body in blood vessels in a continuous pattern called circulation
33
Q

What is an artery

A

Carries blood AWAY from the heart

34
Q

What is a capillary?

A

Carries blood bewteen the cells

35
Q

What is a vein?

A

Carries blood TO the heart

36
Q

Describe blood flow in the arteries?

A
  • Arteries are made of walls of smooth muscle and elastic fibres so they can stretch when blood is pumped into them
37
Q

Describe smooth muscle contraction

A

When the muscles in the walls contract or relax, they are reducing or increasing the diameter of the artery to decrease/increase flow of blood in the body

  • Contraction = vasonconstriction
  • Relaxing = vasodilation
38
Q

Arteries and Arteroles

A
  • Arteries subdivide into smaller vessels (arterioles). They are the vessels that supply capillaries with blood
  • They have walls of smooth muscle that comtract and relax to supply capillaries
39
Q

Describe blood flow in veins

A

Veins sub divide into venules

  • They dont have muscles walls and cannot chnage their diameter
  • Waste products act as vasodilators
  • Blood flow is constant is low
  • Passeses vaves to stop backflow

Human Bio Year 11 (17 decks)

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