Succession Flashcards
Early-arriving species may link to later-arriving ones in three ways
Facilitate- making environment more favorable
Inhibit
Tolerate
A plot of the annual mean temperature and precipitation in a particular region
Climograph
Tropical Forest
Rain forest: 200-400 cm rain
Dry forest: 150-200
High temperature, little seasonal variation
Layers plants
High animal diversity
Desert
Less than 30cm rain
High tenp generally but varies seasonally and daily
Widely scattered plants
Savanna
Long dry seasons, 20-50 cm rain
Warm year-round but slightly more seasonal variation
Scattered trees
Chaparral
Rainy winters and dry summers. Middle of earth halves
Moderate seasonal variation
Shrubs and small trees
Characteristic changes during succession
More species (diveristy)
More organisms (abundance)
R-relected to K-selected
Gross primary production GPP
All of the energy captured from photosynthesis
Net primary production NPP
GPP minus energy used for producer respiration and metabolism
Gradient between terrestrial biomes
Ectones
Limits of Aquatic ecosystems
Nitrogen and phosphorous
The amount of a nutrients that a plant can absorb
Critical load
Excessive runoff, things die, more decomposers, less oxygen and more things die, more decomposwrs, ect.
Cultural eutriphication
Fossil fules effect on water
Burning fossil files cause CO2
25% of human CO2 absorbed by ooceans
CO2 poisons water - Ocean acidification
Template Grassland
Highly seasonal, dry winters and wet summers.
30-100 cm
Periodically drought common
Grasses and forbs
Northern coniferous forest
Largest terrestrial biome
Cold winters, maybe warm summers
Dominates by cone-baring trees
Template broadleaf forest
Hot and humid summers
Rain in all seasons 70-200> cm
Distinct vertical layers
Tundra
Cold
Average 20-60 cm
Herbaceous, mosses, grasses
Lakes
Standing bodies of water
Oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes
Nutrient-poor but oxygen rich lakes
Oligotrophic
Nutrient-rich but low oxygen lakes
Eutrophic
Wetland
Covered by water sometimes
Periodically low in dissolved oxygen
Streams and rivers
Headwaters - rich in oxygen, thin, rocky floor
Downstream- Low oxygen, wide, silty
Estuaries
Transition between rivers and seas
Salinity varies
Complex flow patterns
Intertidal zones
Tide pools basically
Periodically submerged or exposed
High oxygen and nutrients
Oceanic Pelagic Zone
Open ocean water
High oxygen, lower nutrient concentrations
70% of earth’s surface
Coral reefs
Hugh oxygen
Relatively stable tropical enviroment
Marine Benthic Zone
Seafloor.
Deeper = colder
Sufficient oxygen
Water cycle - Biological importance, forms avaliable, reservoirs, key processes
Essential for all organisms
Ocean (97%)
Maim process if evaporation and precipitation
Carbon - Biological importance, forms avaliable, reservoirs, key processes
Framework for all organic molecules.
Consumption
Ground, mainly sedimentary rock
Plants capture CO2, animals eat and release CO2
Nitrogen - Biological importance, forms avaliable, reservoirs, key processes
Part of Amino acids, protiens, nucleic acids
Nitogen fixation
Atmosphere
Nitrogen fixation
Phosphorous - Biological importance, forms avaliable, reservoirs, key processes
Nucleic acids, phosopgilids, ATP
Plants absorb
Sedimentary rock
Weathering rocks (never in air)
Aquatic primary production is limited by
Nutrients and light
(Nitogen and phosphorous most often)
Terrestrial primary production is limited by
Temperature and moisture
