Osmoregulation And Excretion

Question 1

Waste products and what they’re handled by

Answer 1

CO²: Lungs and gills

Nitogenous Waste: Kidneys and gills

Water: Kidneys and gills

Question 2

Types of osmolarity

Answer 2

Hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic, Isoosmotic

Question 3

Two types of osmoregulation tactics

Answer 3

Osmoconformers

Osmoregulators

Question 4

Osmotic Challenges

Answer 4

Stenohaline: Cannot tolerate substantial change in external osmolarity (most animals

Euryhaline: can survive changes in external osmolarity

Question 5

Dehydration avoidance: Physical adaptions

Answer 5

Waxy exoskeleton
Shells on snails
Keratinized skin

Question 6

Dehydration avoidance: behavioral adaptions

Answer 6

Nocturnal, hiding under vegetation, living underground

Question 7

Key steps of most excretory systems

Answer 7

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Question 8

Excretory System: Planaria

Answer 8

Protonephridia

Network inside flatworms with flame bulbs

Question 9

Excretory System: earthworm

Answer 9

Metanephridia

Open-ended tubules in each segment. Produces dilute urine

Question 10

Excretory System: Insects

Answer 10

Malpighian tubules that lead into excratory system. Removes waste from hymopymph, effective at conserving water. Reabsorption in rectum.

Question 11

Layers of kidney

Answer 11

Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis

Question 12

Nephron order

Answer 12

Glomerulus > bowmans capsule > proximal tubule > loop of henle > distil tibule > collecting duct

Question 13

Types of excretory processes

Answer 13

Protonephridia: Planaria
Metabephridia: Earthworm
Malpigian tubules: Insects
Mammals: Livers

Question 14

Proximal tubule

Answer 14

Most of reabsorption

Salt, glucose, amino acids and vitamins actively reabsorbed.
Water reabsorbed by osmosis.
Bicarbonate passively in

Question 15

Loop of henle

Answer 15

Down: water diffuses in

Up bottom half: Salt passively in
Up top half: salt actively in

Question 16

Distal tubule

Answer 16

Further away.
Most secretion happens here.
K+ and ammonia in.
Controlled H+ secreted to control PH.
Salt and Bicarbonate actively absorbed.

Question 17

Collecting duct

Answer 17

Moves urine to renal pelvis.
Water osmosis out
Salt actively out
Urea and water leek out.

Question 18

Hormone: ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone)

Answer 18

Response to increase in osmolarity.
Made in Pituitary Gland of Hypothalamus.
Acts on distal tubule and collecting duct.
Increase water permeability and reabsorption.

Question 19

Hormone: Aldosterone

Answer 19

Low blood press > Renin > Angiotensin 1&2 > adrenal gland > Aldosterone.
Made in Adrenal gland.
Acts on distal tubules.
Increase water and Na+ uptake.