Gas Exchange And Trasport In Plants

Question 1

Molecules that cross easily over the lipid bilayer

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons, CO2, O2

Question 2

Main electogenic pump of plants, fungi and bacteria

Answer 2

Proton pump

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

Particles spreading out unto the avaliable space

Question 4

Transport protiens, types and what travels through them

Answer 4

Channel protiens - small changed things (water and things with +/-)

Carrier protiens - bigger things

Question 5

Area of more condensed substance to area that is less condensed

Answer 5

Concentration gradient

Question 6

Passive transport

Answer 6

No energy spent

Simple diffusion - through membrane
Facilitated diffusion - through protien

Question 7

Tonicity (3 types)

Answer 7

Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic

Question 8

Plant and animal cells reactions to different tonicities

Answer 8

Hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic

Lysed, normal, shriveled
Turgid, flaccid, plasmolyzed

Question 9

Dried it plant cell, membrane pulled away from wall, phenomenon called…

Answer 9

Plasmolysis

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

Pores for gas exchange, guard cells open and close

Question 11

A leafs ground tissue is called

Answer 11

Mesophyll

Question 12

Leaf anatomy layers

Answer 12

Upper epidermis
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Lower epidermis

Question 13

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 13

One or more layers of elongated parenchyma cells

Question 14

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 14

Losely arranged parenchyma cells, air gaps for oxygen to circulate around.

Question 15

One plant adaption to limit water loss

Answer 15

Thick cuticles

Question 16

Attributes of guard cells that facilitate them opening

Answer 16

Connected only at tips
Unevenly thickened cell walls (thicker in the middle)
Cellulose microfibrils arranged radialy

Question 17

Stomata opening mechanism

Answer 17

Proton pump pumps H+ out of cell
K+ flows into cell
Enough K+ goes in that water follows by osmosis

Question 18

Stomata are generally open…

Answer 18

During the day

Question 19

Cues for stomata to open

Answer 19

Light, little CO2, internal clock

Question 20

Apoplastic route

Answer 20

Route water and minerals take into roots.
Travel in cell walls and in the space between cells

Question 21

Symplastic route

Answer 21

Route for water and minerals into plant root
Travel through the symplast (cytosol and plasdemosmata of cells)

Question 22

Things water and minerals must pass to get into plant (symplastic order)

Answer 22

Cell wall, plasma membrane, cytosol, epidermis, plasdesmosmata, cortex, endodermis with casparian strip, vascular cylinder, into xylem

Question 23

Last boarder check for water and minerals

Answer 23

The endodermis with the casparian strip, must enter cytosol to get past.

Question 24

The water and minerals in a xylem is

Answer 24

Xylem sap

Question 25

Transpiration

Answer 25

Loss of water vapour from leaves

Question 26

Root pressure

Answer 26

Water flowing in from the roots into the xylem

Question 27

Cohesion-tension hypothesis

Answer 27

Transpiration pulls the xylem sap up

Question 28

Cohesion and adhesion, what are they

Answer 28

Cohesion - hydrogen bonds between water Adhesion - hydrogen bonds connecting water to cell wall

Question 29

Translocation

Answer 29

The transport of photosynthesis products

Question 30

Sugary solution in sieve tubes

Answer 30

Phloem sap

Question 31

Sugar source and sugar sink, what can be both?

Answer 31

Area of net production of sugar (mature leaves) Area consuming sugar (areas of growth) Roots store sugar, can be source and sink at different points

Question 32

Phloem sap is moved by

Answer 32

Pressure flow. Uptake in sugar means uptake in water means higher pressure, pressure pushes sap towards sugar sink that has lower pressure