Kingdom Plantae Flashcards
The polymer that plant cell walls are reinforced with
Lignin
5 traits derived of all land plants
Apical meristem
Alteration of generations
Multicellular dependent embryos
Multicellular gametangia
Walled spores made in sporangia
The pores on leaves to allow gas exchange
Stomata
Because dependent embryos is such a big derived traits of plants, plants are also known as…
Embryophytes
Female gametangia are called
Archegonia
Male gametangia are called
Antheridia
One major way to distinguish groups of plants is whether or not they have…
Vascular tissue
Nonvascular plants are informally called
Bryophytes
Club mosses and their relatives are called
Lychophytes
Ferns and their relatives are called
Monilophytes
The point at the top of a plant or tip of a root that grows in length
Apical meristem
Nonvascular plants include
Liverworts
Mosses
Hornworts
Seedless vascular plants include
Lycophytes (eg. Club mosses)
Moilophytes (eg. Ferns)
Seed plants include
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
The “roots” than anchor non vascular plants (eg. Mosses)
Rhizoids
A waxy coating on top of the epidermis. Name and what does it do?
Cuticle
Protects from water-loss
Ecological and economic impact of mosses?
Deposits of partially decayed organic matter.
May help keep nitrogen in soil.
Live in diverse places.
5 main traits in vascular plants but not in non-vascular?
Trasport with xylem and phloem
Evolution of roots
Evolution of leaves
Small leaves with only one strand of vascular tissue
Microphylls
Big leaves with branching vascular tissue
Megaphylls
Modified leaves with sporangia on them
Sporophylls
Clusters of sporangia is called
Sori
Group of sporophylls in a cone-like shape
Strobili
What group has microphylls?
Lycophytes
Rolled up young fern leaf is called
Fiddlehead
Ferns have special leaves with sporangia, what are they called?
Sporophylls
Advantages of reduced gametophytes
Gametophytes can develop in sporangia, sporangia protects gametophytes from environment.
Parts of seed? (Outer to inner)
Seed coat
Spore wall
Food supply (from female gametophyte)
Embryo (2n)
Advantages of the seed over non seed plants?
Can stay dormant for much longer and have longer lifetimes, has a food supply.
4 phylums of gymnosperms?
Cyadophyta
Ginkophyta
Gnrtophyta
Coniferophyta
Phylum cyandophyta
Fern-like gymnosperm
Flagellated sperm
Phylum ginkophyta
One species
Flagellated sperm
Phylum Gnetophyta
Diverse in appearance
Deserts or tropics
Phylum Coniferophyta
Evergreen trees!
Largest gymnosperm phylum
Pines or scaly leaves
Why did gymnosperms spread further into land and in arid places?
Good in arid climates. Small surface area and thick cuticles on needles.
All angiosperms are I’m the phylum…
Anthophyta
Key adoptions of flowing plants?
Flowers and fruit. Pollination and dispersal.
Two groups of angiosperms?
Monocot, eudicot
Eudicot meaning?
“True dicot”
Monocot and eudicot names are based on the number of…
Cotyledons
