Nervous System Flashcards
Glial cells do what?
Help nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons
Gap between neurons
Synapse/
Synaptic cleft
Nerve nets, and who has?
System of neurons, not the most complex.
Cnidarians.
Nerves are
Bundles made of axons from multiple nerve cells
Cephalization
Clustering of sensory organs and nerves at the front (a head end) with one or more nerve cords extending to the back
What animals have simple neuron systems and who has more complex systems?
Simple- Sessile, slow moving, class
Complex- Predators, octopi and squids
Central nervous system vs peripheral system
Brain and spine (process info) vs basically everything else (carry and carry out info)
Central canal and ventricles
Central canal - spine
Ventricles - brain
Cerebrospinal fluid
Fluid in brain and spine. Cushions brain and spine and provides nutrients and removes waste
Gray matter vs white matter
Gray - cell bodies, dendrites, unmylenated axons
White - mylenated axons (transport)
Forebrain functions
Olfactory input, regulation of sleep, complex processes and learning
Midbrain
Routes sensory input and information
Hindbrain functions
Involuntary actions and motor activities
Afferent neurons
Sensory neurons, incoming info
Interneurons
Process info
Efferent neurons
Motor neurons, act out info
Motor system bs autonomic nervous system
Motor - Skeletal muscles, voluntary
Autonomic - Smooth and Cardiac muscles, involuntary, “Automatic”
Sensory transduction
Stimuli energy is converted to change membrane potential
Chemoreceptors
Transmit info about the solute concentration of so something
Responds to individual kinds of molecules
Electromagnetic receptors
Detect light, electricity, magnetism
Used by many animals for migration
Photoreceptors are light specific
Thermoreceptors
Heat or cold
Helps signal internal and external temps
Pain receptors
Detect harmful stimuli
Membrane potential
The difference in electrical charge across a plasma membrane
Resting potential is..
Approx -70mV
Where are molecules st resting potential
Potassium (K+) in, Calcium (Ca2+) or Sodium (Na+) out
Gated ion channels
Convert signals into electrical potential
Voltage gated channels
Open/close due to a change in membrane potential
Ligan-gated channels
Chemical. Responds to the correct neurotransmitter
Hyperpolarization vs Depolarization
Gap in charge bigger vs gap in charge smaller
Action potentials happen when
Enough ion channels open for the membrane potential to pass a threshold
Which glial cells mylenate axons I’m the CNS vs PNS?
CNS - Oligodendrocytes
PNS - Schwann
