Success of Ayub’s agricultural and economic policies Flashcards
What was Ayub Khan’s main goal with his agricultural land reforms?
Ayub Khan’s main goal with his agricultural land reforms was to break the hold of feudal lords by redistributing excess land to poor farmers and making land more productive.
What were the limits set on land ownership under Ayub’s land reforms?
the limits set on land ownership under Ayub’s land reforms are 500 acres of irrigated land or 1,000 acres of unirrigated land per landlord.
What was the minimum land ownership set for farmers under Ayub Khan’s policy?
The minimum land ownership set for farmers under Ayub Khan’s policy is 12.5 acres
Which modern agricultural practices were introduced by Ayub Khan?
Modern agricultural practices were introduced by Ayub Khan such as the use of machinery, High Yielding Varieties (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, tube wells, and loans for farmers.
What major treaty was signed in 1960, and what infrastructure did it lead to?
The Indus Water Treaty was signed in 1960, which led to the construction of 3 dams and several perennial canals.
What was Ayub Khan’s approach to economic growth through industrialization?
Ayub Khan launched a program of industrialization, setting up industries that used locally produced agricultural raw materials.
When was the oil refinery established in Karachi, and what was its purpose?
The oil refinery was established In 1962 in Karachi, to reduce the import costs of oil.
What organization was established for mineral exploration under Ayub Khan’s policies?
The organization that was established for mineral exploration under Ayub Khan’s policies was Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation (PMDC).
What was the Export Bonus Scheme (EBS), and what was its effect?
EBS incentivized exporters, contributing to a 7% GDP growth rate, triple that of India.
What issues did Ayub Khan’s land reforms face due to feudal influence?
Ayub Khan’s land reforms faced issues, e.g. Feudal lords manipulated land records and bribed officials, preventing effective redistribution.
Why did only wealthy farmers benefit from Ayub’s agricultural reforms?
Wealthy farmers benefitted from Ayub’s agricultural reforms as modern machinery was too expensive for poor farmers, limiting the benefits to wealthy farmers.
How did Ayub’s agricultural policies affect food prices?
Ayub’s agricultural policies affected food prices as modern production methods increased costs, causing a 25% hike in food prices and economic disparity.
What economic disparity resulted from Ayub’s policies by the end of the 1960s?
The economic disparity that resulted from Ayub’s policies by the end of the 1960s was that 22 families controlled 66% of the industry and 80% of banks and insurance, forming a super-elite class.
How did Ayub Khan’s economic policies affect East Pakistan?
Ayub Khan’s economic policies allowed East Pakistan to see little benefit, increasing resentment due to economic disparity with West Pakistan.
What was the ultimate consequence of the disparity caused by Ayub’s policies?
The ultimate consequence of the disparity caused by Ayub’s policies was that it increased division between East and West Pakistan, contributing to the eventual formation of Bangladesh.
