Agriculture reforms of Ayub Khan compared to others Flashcards
What were the key aspects of Ayub Khan’s land reforms in agriculture?
Ayub Khan limited landlords to 500 acres of irrigated or 1000 acres of unirrigated land, redistributing excess land to farmers. The minimum farm size was fixed at 12.5 acres.
What modern agricultural methods were introduced during Ayub Khan’s reforms?
Machinery, high-yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds, chemical fertilizers, and tube wells were introduced, along with loans for farmers.
What was the significance of the Indus Water Treaty (1960) in Ayub Khan’s agricultural reforms?
The Indus Water Treaty allowed for the construction of 3 dams and several canals, which boosted irrigation and agricultural production.
What impact did Ayub Khan’s agricultural reforms have on food production?
The reforms increased agricultural production and helped reduce food shortages in the country
What major industrialization steps were taken by Ayub Khan during the Decade of Development?
Ayub Khan set up many industries, established an oil refinery in Karachi in 1962, and formed the Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation (PMDC).
What economic incentives were introduced by Ayub Khan to boost industrialization?
Ayub Khan introduced economic incentives to boost industrialization such as, tax holidays, subsidies, and the Export Bonus Scheme (EBS) were introduced to encourage private sector growth.
What was the result of Ayub Khan’s industrialization policy on Pakistan’s GDP?
As a result of Ayub Khan’s industrialization policy, Pakistan’s GDP rose to 7%, which was three times higher than India’s.
What social and educational reforms did Ayub Khan implement?
Ayub Khan implemented social and educational reforms such as new curricula, massive literacy programs, the building of schools and colleges, homes for refugees, hospitals, and family laws to control population growth.
What reforms were made to control inflation during Ayub Khan’s tenure?
Reforms were made to control inflation during Ayub Khan’s tenure considering measures were taken to prevent hoarding and profiteering, bringing down the prices of goods like milk and benefiting families.
What was the purpose of the Basic Democracies system introduced in 1959?
The system allowed elected Union Council members to manage local development and form the electoral college for the election of the President.
What was significant about the 1962 Constitution under Ayub Khan?
It established a Presidential system with sweeping powers for the President, including the ability to dissolve assemblies and annul laws.
What was the criticism of Ayub Khan’s 1962 Constitution in East Pakistan?
East Pakistan criticized the indirect elections and the vast executive powers given to the President.
What was the overall impact of Ayub Khan’s economic policies?
His policies led to a significant rise in GDP, making Pakistan a model for future “Asian Tigers” like South Korea and Malaysia.
