Fall in Ayyub's rule in 1969

Question 1

What significant political event took place in 1965 regarding Ayub Khan’s leadership?

Answer 1

• Ayub Khan contested the 1965 election against Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah and won, but many accused him of rigging.

Question 2

What form of government did the 1962 constitution introduce in Pakistan, and why was it controversial?

Answer 2

• The 1962 constitution introduced a presidential form of government, concentrating power in the President’s hands, which was seen as undemocratic since the National Assembly could not pass laws without his consent.

Question 3

What impact did the 1965 Indo-Pak War and the Tashkent Declaration have on Ayub Khan’s rule?

Answer 3

• The Tashkent Declaration after the 1965 War was seen as a loss for Pakistan, and Bhutto opposed Ayub Khan, establishing the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) to become a strong opposition.

Question 4

How did Ayub Khan’s economic policies contribute to his downfall?

Answer 4

By the late 1960s, it was revealed that 66% of industrial assets and 80% of banking and insurance were controlled by just 22 families, leading to economic inequality and dissatisfaction.

Question 5

What problems in agriculture contributed to the failure of Ayub Khan’s reforms?

Answer 5

• Land reforms failed due to domination by landlords, and machinery, tube wells, and high-yield seeds were only affordable for the wealthy, excluding poor farmers.

Question 6

How did inflation and rising sugar prices affect Ayub Khan’s popularity?

Answer 6

• High inflation between 1968-69 and rising sugar prices caused widespread protests and demonstrations, further weakening Ayub Khan’s rule.

Question 7

What political action was taken by Ayub Khan’s opponents to challenge his rule?

Answer 7

• A Democratic Action Committee was formed to organize demonstrations against Ayub Khan, increasing the pressure on his government