Bhuttos Domestic Policies

Question 1

What was one of Bhutto’s first achievements after taking power?

Answer 1

Bhutto’s first achievements after taking power was the preparation and implementation of the 1973 constitution, aimed at unifying Pakistan under a stable parliamentary framework.

Question 2

What was the 1973 constitution?

Answer 2

• It was a parliamentary constitution that declared Pakistan a Federal Republic and Islam as the state religion with a bicameral legislature
• And it granted fundamental rights such as life, liberty and freedom of speech.

Question 3

Who were appointed as PM and President of Pakistan under the 1973 constitution?

Answer 3

• Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the PM
• Fazal Elahi Chaudhry was appointed Presidnet

Question 4

What did Bhutto’s nationalization policy target in its first stage on January 1, 1972

Answer 4

• On January 1, 1972, Bhutto nationalized major industries (steel, iron, heavy engineering and cement) to bring large cooperations under public ownership and appease labor unions.

Question 5

What sectors were nationalized during the second stage of Bhutto’s policy in January, 1974?

Answer 5

In January 1974, Bhutto nationalized banking, insurance, petroleum, and shipping industries, impacting over 13 banks, numerous insurance companies, and petroleum and shipping cooperations.

Question 6

What was included in the third stage of nationalization in 1976?

Answer 6

In 1976, approximately 2000 cotton, ginning and rice husking units were nationalized

Question 7

What were some effects of the nationalization policy?

Answer 7

• Reduced investor confidence
• Financially harmed prominent families
• Faced international opposition from the US

Question 8

What were the main goals of Bhutto’s agricultural reforms in 1972?

Answer 8

In 1972, Bhutto’s agricultural reforms goals’ were to:

• Limit land ownership to 150 acres of irrigated land and 300 acres of unirrigated
• Secure tenure for tenants, and allow them the first right to buy land.
• However, land redistribution was limited due to landowners’ influence.

Question 9

What did Bhutto’s educational reforms aim to achieve?

Answer 9

Bhutto’s educational reforms aimed to achieve:

• Increased literacy rates and educational standards by nationalizing schools and establishing over 6,500 new educational institutions, including unis like Quaid-e-Azam Uni + Allama Iqbal Open uni

Question 10

What did Bhutto’s health reforms introduce?

Answer 10

Bhutto’s health reforms introduced:

• Rural Health Centers (RHCs) and Basic Health Units (BHUs) to provide accessible healthcare across Pakistan, with a target of one RHC per 60,000 people and one BHU per 20,000 people.

Question 11

How did Bhutto’s health reforms impact medicine availability and cost?

Answer 11

Bhutto’s health reforms banned the sale of medicines under brand names, making them more affordable and available without a prescription at pharmacies.

Question 12

What was the purpose of the Lahore summit in February 1974?

Answer 12

In February 1974, the purpose of the Lahore summit was to:

• discuss the Middle East situation post-1973 Arab-Israeli war
• Gather Muslim countries
• Address the Arab oil embargo

This was held in Lahore, and attended by leaders from various Muslim countries