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HBHD > Substance Use Disorders > Flashcards

Substance Use Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are some of the immediate withdraw symptoms from alcohol?

A

GI distress, sweating, autonomic instability, hand tremor, insomnia

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2
Q

what happens to LFTs in alcohol use?

A

AST, ALT, GGT elevated

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3
Q

what is the characteristic pattern of alcohol use in AST and ALT labs?

A

AST up more than ALT

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4
Q

what is the serum indicator of alcohol use?

A

gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)

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5
Q

what is Rx for alcohol withdraw?

A

benzos

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6
Q

when does delirium tremens occur?

A

2-4 days after last drink

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7
Q

what happens in DT?

A

altered mental status…hallucination, autonomic hyperactivity, seizures tremors, insomnia

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8
Q

what is Rx for DT?

A

benzos

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9
Q

what is wernickes encephalopathy triad?

A

confusion
ataxia
ophthalmoplegia

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10
Q

what causes wernickes encephalopathy?

A

decreased thiamine

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11
Q

how to treat wernickes encephalopathy

A

thiamine IV

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12
Q

what is korsakoff syndrome?

A

impaired memory in patient who is otherwise alert and responsive…

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13
Q

what type of memory loss in korsakoff syndrome?

A

retrograde and anterograde

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14
Q

in alcoholic hallucinations, which type is more common, visual or auditory?

A

visual

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15
Q

aside from visual hallucinations what other type is common in alcoholics?

A

tactile

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16
Q

if alcoholic patient has hepatic failure, which benzo do we give and why?

A

loarzepam because it has less hepatic matabolism

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17
Q

what is the drug used for alcohol stop that discourages patients from drinking because of effect of drug?

A

disulfiram

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18
Q

what is the drug to use for alcohol cessation that reduces cravings associated with rewarding effects of alcohol?

A

naltrexone

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19
Q

what is the main effect sedatives have on people?

A

mood elevation, lower anxiety, behavioral disinhibition, sedation, respiratory depression

20
Q

what are the three main types of sedatives?

A

barbituates, alcohol and benzos

21
Q

what is Rx for benzo OD?

A

flumazenil

22
Q

what is withdrawal like from benzos and barbituates?

A

can lead to delirium tremens like alcohol use

23
Q

what are the main effects of opioids that people seek?

A

mood elevation, decreased anxiety, sedation, analgesia,

24
Q

what are adverse effects of opioids to look for in clinical setting?

A

constipation/nausea, respiratory depression, pupil constriction

25
Q

do pupils dilate or constrict with opioid use?

A

constrict

26
Q

with opioid withdrawal, what happens to pupils?

A

get really dilated

27
Q

what are symptoms of opioid withdrawal?

A

sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, cramps, diarrhea, flu like illness, yawning

28
Q

what to give for OD on opioids?

A

naloxone

29
Q

what is Rx for withdrawal of opioids?

A

mainly symptom management

30
Q

what med can you give to help someone wean off opioids?

A

methadone

31
Q

name the four meds that can be given to opioid addicts to help

A

naltrexone methadone naloxone

buprenorphine

32
Q

what is the combo of buprenorphine and naloxone called? where must it be given? what is it used for?

A

suboxone, office based treatment for opioid abuse

33
Q

what are the four classes of stimulants

A

caffeine
nicotine
amphetamines
cocaine

34
Q

what are the effects of cocaine?

A

mood elevation, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, decreased appetite, increased BP and pulse,

35
Q

are pupils constricted or dilated with cocaine use?

A

dilated

36
Q

what are withdrawals from stimulants like?

A

depression, irritable, lethargic, fatigued, headaches, decreased BP and pulse

37
Q

what is Rx for stimulant overdose?

A

benzo

38
Q

what are the four hallucinogens to know?

A

LSD
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Cannabis
Phenycyclidine

39
Q

what are effects of hallucinogens?

A

hallucinations, hyperalertness, euphoria

40
Q

what are examples of inhalants?

A

fuels, paints, amyl nitrite, anesthetics, NO

41
Q

what are examples of dissociative substances?

A

PCP
ketamine
dextromethorphan
NO

42
Q

are hallucinations with hallucinogenic drugs more auditory or visual?

A

more visual

43
Q

marijuana withdrawal has what symptoms?

A

anxiety, irritability, loss of appetite, insomnia

44
Q

what are the five stages of recovery from substance abuse?

A 
pre contemplative
contemplative
preparation
action
maintenance
45
Q

during what stage of substance abuse recovery does relapse often happen?

A

maintenance

HBHD (17 decks)

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