Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
What are the three positive symptoms of psychosis?
Hallucinations and delusions and disorganization
What are the two types of hallucinations?
Hypnagogic and hypnopompic
When do hypnagogic hallucinations occur?
When going to sleep
When do hypnopompic hallucinations occur?
Waking from sleep
What is the definition of a hallucination?
False perception in absence of real stimuli
What is definition of delusion?
Fixed false belief maintained in face of evidence to the contrary
What is the most common sensory type of hallucination in schizophrenia?
Auditory
What is a grandiose delusion?
A delusion that is beyond expectations/reality
What is a nihilistic delusion?
Feeling like already dead delusion
What is a erotomanic delusion?
Convinced love is there for someone but it isn’t
Define disorganization
Thought production in which there is no recognizable relationship between ideas
Name the five negative symptoms of psychosis
Affective flattening Alogia Apathy Anhedonia Attention deficit
What is Anhedonia?
Negative symptom of psychosis where you lose interest in lots of things
What is alogia?
Poverty of speech or lack of content in speech
What is avolition apathy?
Negative symptom of psychosis where decrease grooming and have impersistence at work
What usually precedes the onset of positive symptoms in psychosis?
Cognitive impairment
What are two things you have to rule out before you can think it is psychiatric related psychosis?
Substance abuse and medical induced psychosis
What is schizoaffective disorder?
Delusions/hallucinations for 2 or more weeks without a major mood episode (manic or depressed) during the lifespan of the delusions/hallucinations
What if you have a mood disorder like MDD or bipolar affective disorder and psychosis…what is diagnosis?
Just mood disorder with psychosis
Brief psychotic disorder has a duration of how long?
Less than 1 month of psychotic symptoms
Schizophreniform has a duration of how long?
More than one month but less than 6 months of psychotic symptoms
What is delusional disorder? Why is it called this?
Disorder with only delusions..no other symptoms of psychosis involved
How long must you have active psychotic symptoms to be diagnosed with schizophrenia
More than one month
How long must you have continuous signd of disturbance to be diagnosed with schizophrenia
6 months
What must happen to your function to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?
Marked decrease in function
How many symptms of schizophrenia must you have to be diagnosed?
At least two
Which type of symptom, pos or neg, must you have for schizophrenia diagnosis?
Positive
When do males have onset of schizophrenia?
18-25 years olf
When do females have onset of schizophrenia/
25-35 and 45+ bc of menopause
What is a biologic marker for poor prognosis in schizophrenia?
Enlarged ventricles equal more negative symptoms and worse diagnosis
What is the main NT considered high in schizophrenia?
Dopamine
Is schizophrenia genetic?
Yes…but not totally, environment thought to play a role
What is the stress-diathesis model for schizophrenia?
Environmental stress added onto genetic predisposition leads to schizophrenia
Is an acute or insidious onset worse prognosis in schizophrenia?
Insidious
Is an episodic course or continuous course worse prognosis in schizophrenia?
Continuous course
Is early or late age onset worse prognosis in schizophrenia?
Early age
Is it easier to treat positive or negative symptoms
Positive symptoms
Name the four dopamine pathwys in the brain
Mesolimbic
Mesocortical
Nigrostriatal
Tuberohypophyseal
What does too much dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway cause?
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
What does too little dopamine cause in the mesocortical pathway?
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
How do dopamine inhibitors affect the nigrostriatal pathway? What can this cause?
Decreases dopamine there… leads to tardive dyskineasia and extrapyramidal symptoms
What is acute dystonia?
Involuntary muscle spasm of neck, tongue and back
When does acute dystonia occur following treatment with antipsychotic?
Hours to five days after
What is akathisia?
Inner sense of restlessness and compelling movement
When does akathisia occur following treatment with antipsychotic?
Days to weeks after treatment
What is parkinsonism?
Bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and shuffling gait
When does parkinsonism occur following treatment with antipsychotic?
Weeks to months
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Involuntary abnormal movements
When does tardive dyskinesia occur following treatment with antipsychotic?
More than 6 mos
