SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS

Question 1

Reward pathway

Answer 1

Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
Nucleus accumbens
Prefrontal Cortex

Question 2

Neurotransmitter increased in all drugs that lead to addiction

Answer 2

Dopamine

Question 3

morphine-like neurotransmitters

Answer 3

neuropeptides

Question 4

when the body becomes less responsive to the drug with repeated exposure

Answer 4

tolerance

Question 5

painful physical and psychological symptoms that follow discontinuation of a drug

Answer 5

withdrawal

Question 6

DSM-5 criteria for substance dependence

Answer 6

three or more symptoms in the same 12-month period

Question 7

binge drinking

Answer 7

5 or more drinks on the same occasion during 1 or more day in the past month

Question 8

heavy drinking

Answer 8

5 or more drinks on the same occasion 5 or more days in the past month

Question 9

low-risk drinking

Answer 9

Men: No more than 4 drinks on one occasion or
14 drinks per week
Women: No more than 3 drinks per day or
7 drinks per week for women

Question 10

CAGE

Answer 10

Cutting down
Annoyed
Guilty
Eye-opener

Question 11

Autonomic hyperactivity
disorientation
hallucinations
fluctuating levels of consciousness
delusions

Answer 11

Delirium Tremons (DTs)

Question 12

Used for maintenance of alcohol abstinence

Answer 12

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Question 13

How long does it take for disulfiram to take effect?

Answer 13

It is imediate

Question 14

How long to wait to take disulfiram after last drink?

Answer 14

12 hours

Question 15

blocks second stage metabolism of alcohol

irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer 15

disulfiram (Antabuse)

Question 16

labs needed before starting disulfiram

Answer 16

LFTs

Question 17

leads to negative effects of alcohol toxicity

Answer 17

disulfiram

Question 18

blocks mu receptors

opioid receptor antagonist

Answer 18

naltrexone

Question 19

Can take days or weeks to take effect

Answer 19

naltrexone

Question 20

Labs to take before starting naltrexone for alcohol dependence

Answer 20

LFts, CBC, BMP, TSH

Question 21

May be less effective for patients who are not abstinent at time of treatment initiation

Answer 21

naltrexone

Question 22

Can augment with naltrexone

Answer 22

acamprosate

Question 23

Good choice for those who have recently abstained from alcohol (begin fifth day of abstinence)

“artificial alcohol”

Prevents people from drinking but does not prevent withdrawal symptoms

Answer 23

acamprosate

Question 24

Reduces glutamate

enhances GABA

Answer 24

acamprosate

Question 25

No labs needed before starting

Answer 25

acamprosate

Question 26

Three times a day dosing

Answer 26

acamprosate

Question 27

50 mg daily dosing

or 100 mg M, W, and 150 mg Friday

Answer 27

naltrexone

Question 28

Dosing for disulfiram

Answer 28

once daily

Question 29

least expensive alcohol misuse drug

Answer 29

naltrexone

Question 30

Most common for alcohol use disorder

Answer 30

naltrexone
disulfiram
acamprosate