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PSYC3102 Psychopathology > Substance Use Disorder > Flashcards

Substance Use Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What SES group has highest alcohol abuse?

A

Low SES groups

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2
Q

Is alcohol abuse higher in rural or urban settings?

A

Rural

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3
Q

Is non alcohol drug abuse higher in rural or urban settings?

A

Urban

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4
Q

What is substance abuse highly comorbid with?

A

Anxiety and depression

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5
Q

What are Substance Induced Disorders?

A

Symptoms result from acute and chronic effects of substances on CNS (intoxication and withdrawal biochemical impact)

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6
Q

What is Substance Use Disorder?

A

Specific patterns of maladaptive behaviour, cognitions and physiological symptoms from regular drug use

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7
Q

What are the DSM-V criteria for Substance Use Disorder?

A

A. Probematic pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment and stress with 2 of the following for 12 months:

  • Impaired control - increased use, unsuccessful control and cravings
  • Social impairment - use despite impacting relationships and work, abandoning social, occupational or recreational activities
  • Risky use - continued use despite serious problems
  • Pharmacological - tolerance and withdrawal
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8
Q

What substances are classified as Group A?

A

Alocohol, Opiods and sedatives

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9
Q

What impact do depressants have?

A

Slows activity in CNS leading to reduced tension, judgement, motor activity and concentration

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10
Q

What impact does Alcohol have?

A
  • Delirium tremens, sympathetic overdrive, global confusion, seizures
  • Alcohol hallucination
  • Cirrhosis (liver damage), depressed heart functioning, nutritional problems (Vitamin B deficit), Wernicke’s encephalogy (delirium, double vision), Korsakoff’s syndrome (profound memory impairment)
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11
Q

What is Wernicke’s Encephalogy?

A

Delirium and double vision due to vitamin B deficits

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12
Q

What is Korsakoff’s Syndrome?

A

Profound memory impairment due to vitamin B deficit

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13
Q

What is the Genetics view of the aetiology of alcoholism?

A
  • Heritiability risk of alcoholism 66%

- Adoption studies: environment predicts initial use but genetics predict progression to dependency

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14
Q

What is the Biological view of the aetiology of alcoholism?

A
  • Psychoactive drugs stimulate rewards pathways
  • Endorphin compensation hypothesis- - Alcohol increases the production of endorphins
  • Serotonin Hypothesis - Alcohol increases serotonin to average levels
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15
Q

What is the Behavioural view of the aetiology of alcoholism?

A
  • Tension reduction hypothesis
  • Operant conditioning
  • Modelling and vicarious reinforcement
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16
Q

What is the Cognitive view of the aetiology of alcoholism?

A

Attitudional/expectancy variables

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17
Q

What is the Social Contexts view of the aetiology of alcoholism?

A
  • Peer pressure, availability and legal context
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18
Q

What are sedatives/hypnotic drugs?

A
  • Anti anxiety drugs (benzodiazepines eg valium)

- Barbiturates

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19
Q

What are the effects of Barbituates?

A
  • Respiratory failure
  • Low blood pressure
  • Accidental/deliberate overdose
  • tolerance increases rapidly
  • withdrawal symptoms similar to alcohol
20
Q

What are Opioids (narcotics)?

A

Heroin, morphine, methodone/buprenorphine, painkillers (eg Oxycontin, panadeine)

21
Q

What drugs make up Group B Stimulants?

A

Nicotine, caffine, cocaine, Amphetamines (speed)

22
Q

What do stimulants do to the body?

A

Increase activity in the CNS - increase blood pressure, heart rate, intensified behavioural activity, thought processes and alertness

23
Q

What drugs make up Group C Hallucinogens?

A

Psychedelic drugs (LSD, ecstasy), Cannabis

24
Q

What do Hallucinogens do to the body?

A

Causes changes in sensory perception. May intensify emotions and create a sense of detachment

25
Q

What is the active ingredient in cannabis?

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol

26
Q

What is the strongest cannabis?

A

Hashish

27
Q

What is the weakest cannabis?

A

Marijuana

28
Q

What are the 3 types of cannabis

A

Hashish, Ganja, Marijuana

29
Q

What happens to the body with the use of cannabis?

A
  • Paranoia/Anxiousness - panic reactions
  • Cannabis intoxication
  • Cognitive changes
  • Lung disease (contains tar and benzpyrene)
  • Lower sperm count and abnormal ovulation
  • Mild suppressive effect on immune system
30
Q

What are common properties of addictive drugs?

A
  • Initially pleasurable so reinforcing
  • Tolerance develops with repeated use
  • Discontinuation causes withdrawal symptoms
  • Addictive behaviours are not just just but food and gambling too
31
Q

What is metabolic tolerance?

A

Liver produces more enzymes

32
Q

What is Pharmcodynamic tolerance?

A

Brain adapts to drug presence

33
Q

What is Behavioural conditioning mechanism in regards to tolerance?

A

Environmental cues elicit a conditioned response

34
Q

What is the Genetic view of the aetiology of Substance Use Disorders?

A
  • Twin and adoption studies indicate predisposition to substance use disorders
  • Flipped switch theory - controlled to addition due to genetics
35
Q

What is the Biological view of the aetiology of Substance Use Disorders?

A
  • Natural reward system in the brain as Dopaminergic system and relieving neurons, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbers, amygdala, ventral tegmentarea
  • Amphetamines and cocaine act on dopamine
  • Opiates inhibit GAMA release
36
Q

What is the Behavioural view of the aetiology of Substance Use Disorders?

A
  • Operant conditioning

- Classical conditioning - Conditioned appetitive motivational model: conditioned to stimuli eg people or lights

37
Q

Describe the Brauer et al nicotine study

A

Cues are more important to smokers than nicotine

38
Q

What is the Incentive Sensitisation Theory of the aetiology of Substance Use Disorders?

A

Wanting drugs does not mean liking drugs. Implicit desire not explicit due to neural circuits

39
Q

What is the Cognitive view of the aetiology of Substance Use Disorders?

A

Expectancy effects

40
Q

What is the Social view of the aetiology of Substance Use Disorders?

A
  • Direct or indirect exposure to substances
  • Moral weakness model
  • Disease model
41
Q

What is the Biological treatment of Substance Use Disorders?

A
  • Detoxification
  • Antagonist drugs (eg Antabuse, revial)
  • Drug maintenance therapy - methadone, nicotine patches
42
Q

What is the Psychological treatment of Substance Use Disorders?

A
  • Psycheducation

- Motivational interviewing

43
Q

What is the CBT treatment of Substance Use Disorders?

A
  • Coping skills
  • Relation training
  • Drinking refusal self efficacy
  • Expectancy modification
  • Relapse prevention - self efficacy coping mechanisms, lapses are temporary
44
Q

What is more effective in reducing substance abuse and increasing functioning?

A

12 steps and CBT equally effective

45
Q

What is the Harm reduction treatment of Substance Use Disorders?

A
  • Substitute prescribing
  • Needle exchanging
  • Safer sex

PSYC3102 Psychopathology (12 decks)

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