Schizophrenia Flashcards
What did Emil Kraepelin call Schizophrenia?
Dementia Praecox - Dimentia of the young
What did Eugene Blueler state was the cause of Schizophrenia?
Affect, ambivalence, associations and preference for fantasy
What is the percentage of population has Schizophrenia?
1%
What is the age of onset for Schizophrenia?
Males 15 to 25, Females 25 to 35. Younger than 10 and older than 50 is very rare
Is Schizophrenia more likely in men or women?
30 to 40% more likely in men
What percentage of Schizophrenia patients attempt suicide?
50%
What are the DSM - V criteria for Schizophrenia?
- Delusions
- Hallucintations
- Disorganised speech
- Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
- Negative symptoms including affect flattening, alogia and avolition
- Social and occupational and dysfunction
What is affect flattening?
reduced emotional display
What is alogia?
Lack of speech
What is avolition?
Lack of motivation
What should not be present for Schizophrenia?
No schizoaffective or mood disorder
No Substance abuse or medical condition
No relationship to autism to communication disorder
What is persecution delusion?
Believe people are out to get you
What is reference delusion?
Believe there are secret messages just for you
What is Grandeur delusion?
Believe you are better than you are eg Jesus
What is delusion of sin?
Believe you are evil
What is hypochrondrical delusion?
Believe you are sick
What is nihilistic delusion?
Believe the world is going to end
What is somatic passivity delusion?
Made to feel things that you shouldn’t
What is thought insertion delusion?
Believe someone is putting thoughts in your head
What is thought broadcasting delusion?
Believe everyone can see your thoughts
What is “made” feelings delusion?
Believe you are not having your own feelings
What is “made” impulses delusion?
Believe you are being made to do things
What is capgras syndrome delusion?
Believe that other peoples bodies have been taken over
What is contard’s syndrome delusion?
Believe you have impossible body changes eg no heart
What is loosening of association?
Difficulty transferring thoughts to sppech
What is neologism?
Use of nonwords eg Head vice for head ache
What is word salad?
Use of random words
What is perservation?
Repeating the same point over and over
What is circumstantiality speech?
Getting of the topic
What is tangentiality speech?
Getting of topic and never getting back to it
What types of disturbances of perception exist?
Auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile
What is restricted affect?
Reduced outward display of emotion
What is blunted affect?
Limited display of emotion
What is flat affect?
No outward display of emotion
What is catatonic stupor?
No or slow movement
What is catatonic rigidity?
Adopting poses for long periods of time
What are indications of Type I Schizophrenia?
Sudden onset, no brain damage, no negative symptoms, good drug response
What is Type II Schizophrenia?
Slower onset, reduced intelligence, brain abnormality, negative symptoms, poor drug response
Describe the three phases of Schizophrenia.
Prodromal: some unusual behaviours
Active: Behaviours are extreme and unable to function
Residual: some recovery
What is Schizophreniform Disorder?
Symptoms exist for 1 month to 6 months but no social/occupational dysfunction
What is schizoaffective disorder?
Mood disturbance is present
What is Delusional disorder?
One or more delusions but no other symptoms
What is a Brief Psychotic Disorder?
Symtoms present for less than one month.
What is the Biological view for the aetiology of Schizophrenia?
Genetics: likely to have polygenic influences
Family studies: MZ 48%, DZ (17%)
Biochemical abnomalities: Dopamine hypothesis, but drugs that don’t affect dopamine have an influence eg clozapine
Structural brain changes: enlarged venticles. decreased volume brain size, reduced activity in frontal lobes
What is the Neurodevelopment view for the aetiology of Schizophrenia?
Fetal development: obstetric complications and maternal infection
Maternal Stress
Post natal brain injuries before the age of 10
What is the Behavioural view for the aetiology of Schizophrenia?
Failure to attend to social views, learned bizarre behaviours from parents
What is the Psychosocial view for the aetiology of Schizophrenia?
Family: Schizophenogenic mother, Double blind communication (I love you with disgusted face), family structure and communication deviance
Expressed emotion: criticism, hostility and emotional over involvement. High EE leads to increased relapse
What treatments are used for Schizophrenia?
Psychosocial intervention: CBT, Broad rehabilitation approach, family interventions
Somatic treatments: anti-psychotics but side effect of taradine dyskinesia (gritted face)
Community Approach: deinstitualisation
