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PSYC3102 Psychopathology > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key features of personality disorders?

A

Long term, chronic, enduring and pervasive pattern

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2
Q

What percentage of patients with a personality disorder have only one personality disorder?

A

11%

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3
Q

What are the advantages of a Dimensional (spectrum continuum) criteria for Personality disorders?

A
  • Retain max amount of information
  • More flexible
  • Eliminates classification dilemmas for borderline cases
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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of a Dimensional (spectrum continuum) criteria for Personality disorders?

A
  • May mask underlying differences
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5
Q

What are the advantages of a Categorical criteria for Personality disorders?

A
  • Ease in communication and conceptualisation

- Consistent with popular language and clinical decision making

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of a Categorical criteria for Personality disorders?

A
  • Loss of information

- Assumes all members of a class are homogenous and mutually exclusive

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7
Q

Describe the Dimensional 3 Dimensional Model.

A
  1. Social involvement v uninvolvement with others
  2. Assertion/dominance v passive submission
  3. Anxious rumination v behavioural acting out
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8
Q

Describe the Dimensional OCEAN (5 Factor Model)

A

Openess, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

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9
Q

Describe the alternate DSM-V Model

A

Combines dimensional and categorical comparing traits and disorders

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10
Q

What must be present for the classification of a Personality Disorder?

A

PERSISTENT over time, PERVASIVE across people and situations, PATHOLOGICAL clearly abnormal

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11
Q

What are the general diagnostic criteria for a Personality Disorder?

A

A. Enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates from culture and manifest in 2 areas:
- Cognition
- Affect
- Interpersonal
- Impulse control
B. Inflexible and pervasive across a range of situations
C. Leads to distress and social/occupational impairment
D. Pattern is stable over a long period of time
E. Not better accounted for by another mental disorder
F. Not due to substance or medical condition

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12
Q

What four non-clinical features exist in Personality Disorders?

A
  1. Absence of motivation for affliation (Desire for relationships with others)
  2. Exaggerated motivation for power (and achievement)
  3. Unrealistic and unstable self-image
  4. Unable to understand others intentions and motives
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13
Q

What 3 Personality Disorders make up Cluster A (odd and eccentric)?

A
  • Paranoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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14
Q

What are the clinical features of Paranoid Personality Disorder?

A
  • Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others
  • Interpret what others say or do as being directed at them
  • Conviction that others that advantage of them
  • Difficulty trusting others
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15
Q

What are the clinical features of Schizoid Personality Disorder?

A
  • Detachment from social relationships and restricted emotional expression
  • Difficulty organising and directing their lives
  • Absorbed in own thoughts
  • Introverted, solitary, emotional inexpression and isolated
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16
Q

What are the clinical features of Schizotypal Personality Disorder?

A
  • Pervasive pattern of social interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort
  • Offbeat, peculiar, paranoid beliefs and thoughts
  • Difficulty forming relationships and extreme social anxiety
  • Magical thinking
17
Q

What 4 Personality Disorders make up Cluster B (dramatic, emotional and erratic)?

A
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder
  • Histrionic Personality Disorder
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder
18
Q

What are the clinical features of Borderline Personality Disorder?

A
  • Pervasive pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self image, affect and impulsivity
  • Symptoms can be severe and fluctuate rapidly
  • Intense bouts of anger, depression and anxiety
  • Deep fear of abandonment
  • Emotional dysregluation - mood swings and emotional instability
  • Cognitive dysregulation - brief non-psychotic forms of thought disturbances
  • Self-dysfunction - Persistent identity problems
19
Q

What is emotional dysregulation?

A

Mood swings and emotional instability

20
Q

What is Cognitive dysregulation?

A

Brief non-psychotic forms of thought disturbances

21
Q

What is Self dysregulation?

A

Persistent identity problems

22
Q

What percentage of Borderline Personality Disorder patients commit suicide?

A

6-10%

23
Q

What are the clinical features of Anti-social Personality Disorder (psychopathy or sociopathy)?

A
  • Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
  • Impulsive, irresponsible, reckless, lies, threatens, steals, cheats and lies
  • History of conduct disorder before 15yo
  • High comorbidity with substance misuse
24
Q

What are the clinical features of Histrionic Personality Disorder?

A
  • Pervasive pattern of excessive and emotion and attention seeking
  • Flamboyant, dramatic, theatrical, can’t tolerate being ignored
  • Persistently draws attention to themselves
  • Emotionally over-responsive to insignificant events
  • Manipulative
25
Q

What are the clinical features of Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

A
  • Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy
  • Preoccupied with own desires and expect others to serve their needs
  • Continually self absorbed, exaggerated sense of self-importance and entitlement
  • Constantly seeks admiration
26
Q

What 3 Personality Disorders make up Cluster C (appear, anxious or fearful)?

A
  • Avoidant Personality Disorder
  • Dependent Personality Disorder
  • Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
27
Q

What are the clinical features of Avoidant Personality Disorder?

A
  • Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
  • Avoidance of new experiences and meeting new people
  • Pattern of social discomfort, sensitive to criticism
  • Fear of rejection, criticism or disapproval
28
Q

What are the clinical features of Dependent Personality Disorder?

A
  • Point out own inadequacies so others look after them
  • Pervasive pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour
  • Difficulty communicating disagreement for fear of being rejected
29
Q

What are the clinical features of Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder?

A
  • Pervasive pattern of perfectionism, inflexibility, orderliness
  • Preoccupied with details and rules
  • Extreme devotion to productivity to exclusion of leisure activities
30
Q

What is the Biological view of the aetiology of Anti social Personality Disorder?

A
  • Proxy of adult criminality shows higher in MZ than DZ
  • Higher aggression in biological parents but interactive with environment
  • Underarousal hypothesis - abnormally low levels or cortisol so seek stimulation
  • Fearlessness Hypothesis - Higher threshold for experiencing fear. Lack of startle potential when looking at unpleasant pictures
31
Q

What is the Social Factors view of the aetiology of Anti social Personality Disorder?

A

Family problems:

  1. Martial problems and divorce
  2. Modelling of anti-social behaviour
  3. Parental rejection and negativity
32
Q

What is the Psychological Factors view of the aetiology of Anti social Personality Disorder?

A

Difficulty shifting attention to consider the negative consequences of their behaviour

33
Q

What is the Psychoanalytic treatment of Anti social Personality Disorder?

A

Focus on transference relationship

34
Q

What is the CBT treatment of Anti social Personality Disorder?

A

Social Skill Training, exposure and problem solving

35
Q

What is the Integrative treatment of Anti social Personality Disorder?

A
  • Schema Focused Therapies - identifying and changing maladaptive early schemas
  • Dialectical Behaviour Therapy - Learning to be more comfortable with strong emotions. Being accepting of patient and their negative behaviour
36
Q

What is the drug treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder?

A

Drugs for antipsychotics, anti depressants, lithium….

37
Q

What is the most effective treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder?

A

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy which reduces self injury, suicide and impatient hospital days

38
Q

What is the most effective treatment for Anti social Personality Disorder?

A

Token economies, family focused intervention, social skills training and CBT

39
Q

What is the most effective treatment for Schizotypal Personality Disorder?

A

Social Skills Training and strategies for managing a solitary lifestyle

PSYC3102 Psychopathology (12 decks)

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