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PSYC3102 Psychopathology > Somatic Symtom Disorders and Dissociative Disorders > Flashcards

Somatic Symtom Disorders and Dissociative Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hypochondriac?

A

Somatic disorder - excessive health care use with no physical symptoms

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2
Q

How are somatic disorders diagnosed?

A

By exclusion

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3
Q

What age is onset for Somatic Symptoms Disorder?

A

30 to 40 years

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4
Q

What is specified with Somatic Symptoms Disorder?

A

with predominant pain

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5
Q

What are the DSM-V criteria for Somatic Symptoms Disorder?

A
  1. Excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviours related to health that result in:
    - Disproportionate and passionate thoughts
    - Persistent high anxiety about health and symptoms
    - Excessive time and energy related to symptoms
  2. Exists for more than 6 months
  3. Excessive medical history
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6
Q

Is Somatic Symptoms Disorder higher in males or females?

A

Females

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7
Q

Is there a family history?

A

Yes - considered female version of antisocial personality disorder

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8
Q

What are the DSM-V criteria for Illness Anxiety Disorder?

A
  • Somatic symptoms not present or mild
  • Perform excessive and maladaptive health related behaviour
  • Must be present for 6 months
  • Previously called hypochondriac
  • Somatosensory amplification - more aware of body sensations
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9
Q

Define Illness Anxiety Disorder?

A

Preoccupation with having or acquiring illness

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10
Q

Define Conversion Disorder

A

Symptoms mimic neurological or medical conditions even though there are no physical cause eg eyes don’t work

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11
Q

What percentage of Conversion Disorder patients are later diagnosised with medical condition?

A

10 to 15%

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12
Q

What are the DSM-V criteria for Conversion Disorder?

A
  • Disconnect between emotional and physical feelings/pain
  • Inconsistencies between symptoms and anatomical symptoms
  • Unexpected course of development eg paraplegia results in muscle tone loss
  • Selective symptomatology eg blind can still avoid walking into things
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13
Q

What is Fractious Disorder?

A

Deliberately creating symptoms on self or others for attention eg Munchhausen

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14
Q

What is Malingering Disorder?

A

Deliberately creating symptoms for compensation (usually financial) or to avoid a negative event.

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15
Q

What is the Biological Aetiology of Somatic Disorders?

A
  • Antisocial personality disorder in males is the flip of somatic disorders in females (neuro inhibition problem)
  • Begins early in life
  • Chronic
  • Predominate among lower SES groups
  • Difficult to treat
  • Marital discord, substance abuse, suicide attempts
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16
Q

What are the Psychodynamic views of the aeitology of Somatic Disorders?

A

Negative feelings are repressed and converted to physical symptoms

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17
Q

What are the Cognitive views of the aeitology of Somatic Disorders?

A
  • Symptoms are a form of communication
  • Correlated with Alexithymia
  • Misinterpretation of body sensations
  • Negative affect - worry and pessimism predicts somatisation
  • Family or personal history - illness attracts rewards
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18
Q

What is Alexithymia?

A
  • Can’t identify or express emotions

- Poor capacity for fantasizing

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19
Q

How do stressors could cause Somatic Disorders?

A
  1. Traumatic event is experienced
  2. Conflict is repressed and made unconscious
  3. Anxiety increases and converted into physical pain (primary gain)
  4. Increased attention and sympathy received (secondary gain)
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20
Q

Is there any evidence of child abuse and somatisation?

A

No

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21
Q

What cultures have more Somatoform disorders?

A

Those that discourage open discussion of psychological problems

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22
Q

What is the best treatment for Somatic Disorders?

A

Kroenke CBT:
1. exposure and response prevention
2. reinforcement strategies to increase functioning
3. relaxation training
4. cognitive restructuring
Controlled treatment study where patients coached to seek less treatment

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23
Q

What is a Dissociative Disorder?

A

Disruption of functioning of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of environment

24
Q

What is depersonalisation?

A

Feeling detached from your body

25
Q

What is derealisation?

A

Feelings of unfamiliarity about physical and interpersonal environment

26
Q

What is amnesia?

A

Inability to remember personal details or specific time periods

27
Q

What is identity confusion?

A

Confused about personal identity

28
Q

What is identity alteration?

A

Assumed alternate personality

29
Q

What is Dissociative Amnesia?

A

Sudden inability to recall personal information that is not due to organic mental disorder

30
Q

What is localised disturbance recall?

A

Inability to recall an event or period of time

31
Q

What is Selective disturbance recall?

A

Inability to recall a specific aspect of an event

32
Q

What is generalised disturbance recall?

A

Inability to recall identity or life history

33
Q

What is retrograde disturbance recall?

A

Inability to recall information before an event

34
Q

What is anterograde disturbance recall?

A

Inability to transfer new information from short to long term memory

35
Q

What is post traumatic disturbance recall?

A

Inability to recall information about a traumatic event

36
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of Dissociative Amnesia?

A

Ends abruptly, recovery is complete and reoccurances are rare

37
Q

What is Dissociative Fugue?

A

Unexpected travel with new identity and inability to recall personal information. No memory of fugue is present after recovery

38
Q

What is the difference between Dissociative Amnesia and organic amnesia?

A
  • Dissociative loss of both recent and past memories, organic only recent.
  • Dissociative loss of personal knowledge, organic personal and general
  • Dissociative events after amnesia remembered, organic they are lost
  • Dissociative reverses abrupty, organic may have gradual return but generally permanent loss
39
Q

What is Dissociative Identity Disorder?

A

Presence of 2 or more distinct personalities with difference personalities, demographics, abilities, preferences and physiological differences.

40
Q

What are the clinical features of Dissociative Identity Disorder?

A
  • Recurrent episodes of amnesia

- Transition between personalities is sudden and usually due to stress

41
Q

What is Multiple Personality Disorder?

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder

42
Q

When does diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder usually occur?

A

Late adolescence to early adulthood usually due to abuse

43
Q

What percentage of Dissociative Identity Disorder patients attempt suicide?

A

70%

44
Q

How many personalities do Dissociative Identity Disorder patients have?

A

2 to 60 (average 13)

45
Q

What is Depersonalisation/Derealisation Disorder?

A

Feelings of being detached from mind or body. “as if” an observer.

  • Transient depersonalisation
  • Occurs frequently in adolescents
  • Sudden onset by extreme stress (eg fatigue, pain or trauma)
46
Q

What is the main cause of Dissociative Disorders?

A

Percipitated by extreme stress and used as a way to avoid anxiety and painful reality

47
Q

What is the Psychodynamic view of the aetiology of Dissociative Disorders?

A

Accidental defence against painful events (purposeful)

48
Q

What is the Behavioural view of the aetiology of Dissociative Disorders?

A

Learned social role (Modelling, exposure to disorder, operant conditioning)

49
Q

What is the Self hypnosis view of the aetiology of Dissociative Disorders?

A

Material is forgotten then recalled later but forgetting is done without insight and events are forgotten not the general knowledge.

50
Q

What is the Biological view of the aetiology of Dissociative Disorders?

A

Fragmented sleep leads to dissociative symptoms

51
Q

What is the Social view of the aetiology of Dissociative Disorders?

A

Iatrogensis - manufacture of disorder by its treament BUT cases exist in countries where disorder doesn’t.

52
Q

What is the Psychodynamic view of the treatment of Dissociative Disorders?

A

Help to recover lost memories

53
Q

What is abreaction?

A

Emotional reliving of past traumatic experiences

54
Q

What is the Biological view of the treatment of Dissociative Disorders?

A
  • Sodium Amobarbital (Amytal) and Sodium Pentobarbital (Pethothal) truth syrum and stress reduction medications
55
Q

What is the most common treatment for Dissociative Identity Disorder?

A
  1. Intergrate personalities into one
  2. Promote co-operation amongst the personalities
  3. Recover gaps in memories

PSYC3102 Psychopathology (12 decks)

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