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PSYC3102 Psychopathology > Intellectual Disabilities and Autism > Flashcards

Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Flashcards

1
Q

What three criteria must be meet for a diagnosis of intellectual disability?

A
  • Significant deficits in intellectual functioning IQ
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2
Q

What percentage of intellectually disabled also have emotional disturbances?

A

15-20%

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3
Q

What are the criteria for Mild Intellectual Disability?

A
  • IQ 50/55 to 70
  • 85% have IQ less than 70 so adult mental age of 9-12yo
  • some/none adult support
  • Few signs of brain pathology
  • Families of low intelligence and SES
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4
Q

What are the criteria for moderate Intellectual Disability?

A
  • IQ 35/40 to 55

- 10% of those

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5
Q

What are the criteria for severe Intellectual Disability?

A
  • IQ 20/25 to 35

- 3-4% of those

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6
Q

What are the criteria for Profound Intellectual Disability?

A
  • IQ
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7
Q

What are the criteria for Borderline Intellectual Disability?

A
  • IQ 71 to 81

- V Code “Other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention”

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8
Q

What are deficits in cognitive abilities?

A
  • Attention to stimuli - distracted by irrelevant stimuli eg look at shape colours and not geometric shape
  • Short term memory deficits
  • Processing speed
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9
Q

What are deficits in adaptive skills?

A
  • Communication
  • Social skills - difficulty making and keeping friends, little awareness of social conventions
  • Academic skills - understanding signs, labels, etc
  • Sensorimotor skills - not related to the degree of intellectual impairment
  • Self help skills - training for activities in daily living eg dressing
  • Vocational skills: Mild (simplified jobs in open employment), Moderate (Simple jobs in sheltered workshops)
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10
Q

What percentage of cases have the primary cause identified?

A

25-35%

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11
Q

What gender has higher profound/severe intellectual disability?

A

Equal males to females

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12
Q

What gender has higher Mild/moderate intellectual disability?

A

Males>females

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13
Q

What level of intellectual disability has the most organic brain deficit identified?

A

Mild/Moderate

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14
Q

What SES group has higher profound/severe intellectual disability?

A

Equal across all groups

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15
Q

What SES has higher mild/moderate intellectual disability?

A

Lower SES groups

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16
Q

What is the cultural (Family retardation) aeitiology for Intellectual Disability?

A
  • Inadequate language models/stimulation
  • Poor diet
  • Inadequate medical care
  • Lower expectations
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17
Q

What is the Genetic Based Disorders that may cause Intellectual Disability from a Dominant Gene?

A

Fragile X Syndrome

18
Q

What is the Genetic Based Disorders that may cause Intellectual Disability from a Recessive Gene?

A

Phenylketonuria (Pku) heel prick test

19
Q

What is the infectious disease aeitiology for Intellectual Disability?

A
  • Maternal disease in utero: toxoplasmosis, cytomeagalo virus, rubella, herpes simplex, syphilis
  • After birth: meningitis
20
Q

What is the leading cause of Intellectual Disability?

A

Accidents

21
Q

What is the primary treatment for Intellectual Disability?

A
  • Eugenics movement: segregation and sterilisation
  • Healthcare measures: vaccinations, Detection/treatment infectious diseases, diagnostic testing
  • Genetic counseling
22
Q

What is the secondary treatment for Intellectual Disability?

A

Identify children at risk and early intervention eg Project Headstart

23
Q

What is the tertiary treatment for Intellectual Disability?

A
  • Early intervention
  • Mainstreaming
  • Teaching strategies: applied behaviour analysis eg backward chaining, play therapy, computer assisted instructions
24
Q

What three criteria must be meet for a diagnosis of autism?

A
  1. Persistent deficits in social communications and social interaction across multiple contexts (social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication behaviours, developing.maintaining and understanding relationships)
  2. Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities (stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, Insistence on sameness, ritualised patterns of behavour, highly restricted and fixated interests, higher or hyporeactivity to sensory input
  3. Must be present in the early development period
25
Q

What percentage of autistic children score an IQ

A

80%

26
Q

What two areas of assessment do they score well in?

A
  • Visual spacial skills

- Sensory motor development

27
Q

Is autism more common in males or females?

A

Males

28
Q

What is extreme autistic aloneness?

A
  • no early attachment
  • seldom approaches others
  • gaze aversion
29
Q

What percentage of autistic children do not learn to speak?

A

50%

30
Q

What is Echolalia?

A

Echo speech

31
Q

What is Pronoun reversal?

A

Refer to self as he/she

32
Q

What is Neologisms?

A

Made up words such has head vice for head ache

33
Q

What is Dysprosody?

A

Rate rhythm and intonation of speech

34
Q

What percentage of autistic children make good adjustment to adulthood?

A

5-17%

35
Q

What is the Psychological view of the aeitiology of Austism?

A
  • Rejecting parents

- Unrewarding parents

36
Q

What is the Genetic Factors view of the aeitiology of Austism?

A
  • Higher concordance with sibilings
  • Higher concordance with MZ than DZ twins
  • Higher learning disabilities in families with autistic children
37
Q

What is the Neurological Factors view of the aeitiology of Austism?

A
  • Abnormal brainwave patterns that correlate with epileptic seicures
  • Rubella (10x higher prevalence)
  • Under developed part of cerebellum
  • Mirror neurons
  • Neuropeptides - attachment and social affiliation
38
Q

What does Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) target?

A
  1. Training in cognitive, language and social behaviour
  2. Acquiring special learning skills
  3. Reducing rigid and stereotyped behaviour
  4. Eliminating maladaptive behaviour
  5. Alleviating family distress
39
Q

What percentage of autistic children achieved normal functioning with ABA compared to controls?

A

47% ABA v 2% control and maintained at 8 year followup BUT 40 hours a week contact required for months

40
Q

What are the drug treatments for Autism?

A
  • Antipsychotics
  • Fenfluramine (Stimulant)
  • Social Nueropeptides (experimental)

PSYC3102 Psychopathology (12 decks)

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