substance use Flashcards
consumption amounts that increase the likelihood of health consequences
risky use
A state of adaptation that is manifested by a withdrawal syndrome that can be produced by abrupt cessation of a substance or by tolerance to the substance
physical dependence
A primary, chronic, neurobiologic disease, with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations.
addiction
use of any drug that deviates from approved social or medical patterns
abuse
applies to drugs that are prescribed by physicians and not used properly
misuse
Ability of one drug to be substituted for another producing the same effects physiologically and psychologically
cross tolerance
what is crucial to memory formation and gives motivation to repeat pleasurable experiences?
dopamine
dx for substance us include____for >____
clinical distress/impairment for >12 mon
4 categories defining substance use
- impaired control
- social impairment
- risky use
- pharmacological criteria
craving indicates____
impaired control
phamacoloical criteria include____ and ____
tolerance and withdrawal
which theory of alcohol use pathogenesis: direct activation of the reward centers
positive-affect regulation
which theory of alcohol use pathogenesis: self-medication
negative affect regulation
which theory of alcohol use pathogenesis: some people are just more prone to develop a use disorder
pharmacological vulnerability
which theory of alcohol use pathogenesis: alcohol consumption is part of an overall picture of social deviance arising in childhood and resulting from deficient socialization
deviance proneness
confusion + ataxia + ocular abnormalities
wernickes
alcohol is associated with what eye movement
nystagmus
peak alcohol withdrawal occurs when?
48 hrs, can last 5 days
clouding of sensorium, hallucinations, tachycardia, HTN , hyperthermia, diaphresis, asscd with alcohol
delirium tremens
risk factors for delirium tremors (6)
- h/o sustained drinking
- h/x previous DT
- age >30
- concurrent illness
- significant alcohol withdrawl
- longer period since last drink
what is CIWA
clinical institute withdrawal assessment – alcohol
opioid antag used as maintenance tx for alcohol use disorder
naltrexone
which drug used in alcohol use disorder works on GABA and glutamate?
acamprosate
caffeine intoxication occurs at what level
> 250 mg
caffeine withdrawal defined as ___sx within ___hours
3 sx within 24 hrs
HA, fatigue, dysphoric, flue-like sx, difficulty concentating
caffeine withdrawl
chronic weed use can lead to
amotivational syndrome
K2 synthestic cannabinoid can induce____
psychosis
which drug is NOT associated with withdrawal?
hallucinogens, inhalants
nystagmus, dilated pupils, violent behavior, dissociative sx, HTN
phencyclidine
what drugs are in the other hallucinogen use group
MDMA, mescaline, psilocybin, LSD
COWS utilization
opioid withdrawal scale
long-acting synthetic opioid agonist, Prevent withdrawal, Reduce cravings
methadone
reduce or eliminate withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid dependence and carries a low risk of overdose.
buprenorphine
opioid antag that prevents euphoric effects without any potential for abuse
naltrexone
autonomic hyperactivity, hand tremor, hallucinations with reality intact
sedative/hyponotic/anxiolytic withdrawal
what is a necessary criteria for definition of stimulant withdrawal?
dysphoric mood
which substance is not related with intoxication?
tobacco
short term residential tx typically lasts how long
3-6 week inpatient with extended outpatient tx
long term residential care tx lasts how long
6-12 mon
what test is used for confirmatory testing?
gas chromatography mass spec
______are qualitative and gas chromatography is _____
qualitative; quantitative
